光的干涉与衍射的Matlab仿真及其实验观测  

MATLAB SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION ON INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION OF LIGHT

作　　者：曾建华[1] 曾伟 王志峰 赖宁安 桑志文[1] 常山[1] 何鹏浩 ZENG Jian-hua;ZENG Wei;WANG Zhi-feng;LAI Ning-an;SANG Zhi-wen;Chang Shan;HE Peng-hao(School of Physics and Electronic Information,Shangrao Normal University,Shangrao,Jiangxi 334001,China)

机构地区：[1]上饶师范学院物理与电子信息学院,江西上饶334001

出　　处：《井冈山大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第3期9-12,共4页Journal of Jinggangshan University (Natural Science)

基　　金：江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ170923);江西省上饶市科技局工业科技项目(5000110-255);上饶师范学院博士科研启动基金项目(6000108)

摘　　要：利用Matlab仿真模拟了双缝干涉随缝宽变化的光强分布曲线,结果表明随着缝宽的增大,干涉条纹受到单缝衍射的调制,最终变成双缝衍射。通过实验观测了不同缝宽的双缝干涉与衍射图样,发现缝宽较大呈现的是双缝衍射现象,缝宽减小后才观测到明暗相间、等间距的双缝干涉条纹,与模拟结果一致。同时根据光的双缝干涉与单缝衍射所测数据测定了激光波长。通过从理论与实验上对光的干涉与衍射的探究,直观地展示干涉与衍射条纹分布特点,这能加深对光的干涉与衍射的理解和掌握。The distribution curve of light intensity with slit width for two-slit interference was presented by using Matlab simulation. The results show that two-slit interference becomes two-slit diffraction while increasing slit width, which is caused by the modulation of single-slit diffraction. Two-slit interference and diffraction patterns with different slit widths were observed through experiments, two-slit diffraction was showed for wide slit. Light-dark interchange and equal spacing stripes were observed after slit width was reduced, which was consistent with simulation results. At the same time, the laser wavelength was measured based on two-slit interference and single-slit diffraction. By exploring interference and diffraction of light in the theory and experiment, the characteristics of interference and diffraction fringe distribution are shown intuitively, which can deepen the understanding and mastery of interference and diffraction of light.

关 键 词：干涉 衍射 MATLAB 缝宽 激光波长 

分 类 号：O436.1[机械工程—光学工程]