基于AWOS数据的南京禄口机场低能见度特征统计研究  

Statistical Characteristics of Low Visibility at Nanjing Lukou Airport Based on AWOS Data

作　　者：慕熙昱 徐琪[3] 周林义 陶星[3] 黄安宁 MU Xiyu;XU Qi;ZHOU Linyi;TAO Xing;HUANG Anning(Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing 210009,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Nanjing 210009,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Air Traffic Management Branch Bureau of Civil Aviation Administration of China,Nanjing 210000,Jiangsu,China;School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局交通气象重点开放实验室,江苏南京210009 [2]江苏省气象科学研究所,江苏南京210009 [3]中国民用航空华东地区空中交通管理局江苏分局,江苏南京210000 [4]南京大学大气科学学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《高原气象》2018年第4期1129-1142,共14页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：南京大气科学联合研究中心研究基金项目(NJCAR2016ZD02);江苏省气象局科研基金项目(KM201601);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201306043);江苏高校"青蓝工程"优秀青年骨干教师培养计划项目(0207001802)

摘　　要：利用南京禄口机场2011 2016年分钟级地面观测数据对禄口机场低能见度现象进行分析,统计低能见度天气发生的时间分布特征;分析其他气象要素与能见度的关系,归纳低能见度天气下各气象要素的阈值,建立低能见度天气的预警指标。结果发现,禄口机场发生低于2 000 m能见度现象时,逐月平均相对湿度均超过90%,表明禄口机场低能见度主要是由雾造成的。禄口机场能见度表现出明显的季节、次季节变化特征,呈现双峰双谷结构,4月及7、8月为两个峰值,6月及12月和次年1月为两个谷值。这种特征的形成与近地层大气的温度、湿度、层结有密切关系。能见度分布具有较为明显的日变化特征,凌晨至早晨能见度最低,午后能见度达到最高,秋季能见度的日变化幅度较大,冬季低能见度可能出现的时间分布范围广。通过分析发现能见度与气象要素之间的关系复杂,并不呈现某种线性关系。分析不同等级低能见度天气对应的气温、温度露点差、水平风速范围,发现气温在不同月份有较大差异,温度露点差及水平风速的范围较稳定。Based on the minute-level ground observation data from Lukou airport from 2011 to 2016,the temporal distribution characteristics of low visibility weather and the relationship betw een other meteorological factors and visibility were analyzed. The thresholds of weather factors in low visibility weather were established in order to get the early warning indexes of low visibility weather. It is found that in case of visibility lower than 2 000 m,the monthly average relative humidity are more than 90%,indicating that the low visibility of Lukou airport is mainly caused by the fog. Lukou airport visibility shows a obvious seasonal and sub-seasonal change,showing a double-peak and double-valley structure,April and July-August for the two peaks,June and December-January for the two valleys. The formation of this feature is closely related to the temperature,humidity and stratification of the surface atmosphere. Visibility distribution has a very obvious diurnal variation,with the lowest visibility in the morning and early morning,the highest visibility in the afternoon. The largest diurnal variation of the visibility happens in autumn,and the longest possible distribution of the low visibility happens in winter. It was found that the relationship between visibility and meteorological elements is complex and does not show some linear relationship.By analyzing the different levels of low visibility weather corresponding to the temperature,temperature dew point difference and the level of wind speed range,found that the temperature is different in different months,the temperature dew point difference and the level of wind speed is more stable.

关 键 词：能见度 雾 时间特征 阈值 

分 类 号：P468.028[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]