机采棉模式下滴灌毛管布置方式对土壤水盐运移及产量的影响  

The Effect of Capillary Arrangements of Drip Irrigation on Soil Water,Salt and Yield under the Mechanical Harvest Cotton Patterns

作　　者：王萌萌[1,2] 吕廷波 何新林[1,2] 曹玉斌 王东旺[1,2] WANG Meng-meng;LU Ting-bo;HE Xin-lin;CAO Yu-bin;WANG Dong-wang(College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Key Laboratory of Modem Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Bingtuan,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2018年第8期40-44,54,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然基金(51669030)

摘　　要：滴灌毛管布置是膜下滴灌的重要参数,为了研究机采棉模式下其对土壤水分、盐分及生长的影响,通过膜下滴灌测坑试验,设计2种不同滴灌毛管布置方式。结果表明:三管布置下根区的土壤含水率适宜棉花生长,其土层剖面盐分在棉花根系层形成淡化脱盐区,灌水、控盐效果好;由于两管布置在棉花宽行间,湿润峰边缘距离棉花窄行较近,在一定程度上会使得棉花根区受水分、盐分的胁迫。滴灌毛管布置不同导致土壤水分分布、盐分分布不同,进而对棉花的生长及产量产生了影响,最终导致棉花的水分利用效率存在着差异,三管布置下的灌溉水分利用效率为1.35 kg/m^3,明显高于两管布置的1.28 kg/m^3。综上,建议在新疆地区种植机采棉可大力推广三管布置。Capillary arrangement is an important parameter for mulched drip irrigations. In order to investigate the effect of different capillary arrangements on soil water,salt and yield under the mechanical harvest cotton pattern,test-pit experiments are set under two capillary arrangements. The results show that,three capillary treatment result in desalination areas fit for the growth of cotton in the main root,the soil water content is in appropriate range,has irrigation uniformity and a beneficial effect on the controlling of salt. In the two capillary tubes treatment,because of capillary arrangement among the wide row,the edge of wetting front is close to narrow row of cotton,the cotton growth is affected by water and salt stress. Because of different capillary arrangements,distribution of water and salt are different from the cause the effect on growth and yield of cotton,so obvious a difference in water efficiency is found among the two capillary tubes arrangement. Water use efficiency for three dripping pipes is 1.35 kg/m^3 and is much higher than 1.28 kg/m^3 for two dripping pipes. Therefore,in order to increase water use efficiency and yield,the three capillary tubes arrangement is suggested in Xinjiang.

关 键 词：机采棉 毛管布置 土壤盐分 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程]