脊髓灰质炎疫苗类型及河北省应用现状分析  

Analysis on the polio vaccine type and application status in Hebei Province

作　　者：徐书方[1] 刘立秋 苗莉娜[1] 孙月菊[1] 张玉清[1] 范星[1] XU Shufang;LIU Liqiu;MIAO Lina;SUN Yueju;ZHANG Yuqing;FAN Xing(Shijiazhuang Medical College,Hebei 050599,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄医学高等专科学校,河北050599 [2]河北省卫计委综合监督执法局

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2018年第9期876-878,共3页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：河北省高等教育学会高等教育科学研究"十三五"规划课题立项(GJXH2017-73)

摘　　要：脊髓灰质炎又称小儿麻痹症,其病原体是肠道脊髓灰质炎病毒,主要经污染的食物、生活用品等通过粪—口途径传播。小儿麻痹症好发于1~5岁儿童,大多数为隐性感染,只有少数感染者因病毒损害脊髓前角运动神经元细胞导致肢体肌肉弛缓性麻痹。1954年脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine,IPV)首次出现,1960年脊髓灰质炎口服活疫苗(Poliomyelitis Attenuated Live Vaccine,OPV)研制成功,我国自1962年使用OPV减毒活疫苗以来,脊髓灰质炎在我国的传播及其发病率得到了有效的控制。但近些年仍有相关脊髓灰质炎野病毒传播的报道,河北省于2016年5月开始实行IPV+OPV的免疫策略,现将脊灰疫苗的相关内容进行简述。Poliomyelitis also referred to as infantile paralysis,is caused by intestinal poliovirus and mainly transmitted by fecaloral route via polluted food and daily-use articles. It occurs in children aged 1 to 5 years old,most of which are latent infections. Only a minority of the infected will develop flaccid paralysis of the limb muscle due to viral damage to the spinal motor neurons. Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine（IPV） first appeared in 1954. In 1960,the Poliomyelitis Attenuated Live Vaccine（OPV）was successfully developed. Since 1962,OPV live attenuated vaccine has been used in our country,the spread of poliomyelitis in China and its incidence have been effectively controlled. But in recent years,there have been reports of the spread of wild polioviruses. Hebei Province began implementing the IPV＋OPV immunization strategy in May 2016. This paper will make a brief introduction about the features of OPV and IPV as well as their application.

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎 疫苗 特点 应用现状 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学] R512.4[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]