广州市某学校水痘暴发疫情的流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of the outbreak of varicella in a school in Guangzhou

作　　者：邓燕红 江燕莉 陈楚生 许淑媚 王晓莉 DENG Yanhong;JING Yanli;CHEN Chusheng;XU Shumei;WANG Xiaoli(Guangzhou Haizhu District Shayuan Community Health Service Center,Guangdong 510250,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市海珠区沙园街社区卫生服务中心,广东510250

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2018年第9期914-916,共3页Journal of Medical Pest Control

摘　　要：目的分析广州市某学校水痘暴发疫情的流行病学特征及暴发原因,为今后更好地处置水痘暴发疫情提供参考依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法收集资料,用SPSS软件进行分析。结果本次水痘疫情罹患率0.48%(15/3097),病人年龄介于11~15岁之间,其中有水痘免疫接种史的10例,占66.67%。病例最多的初中一年级,水痘疫苗接种率85.67%,水痘疫苗接种组与未接种组间发病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.147,P=0.702)。结论水痘疫苗接种率较高的学校仍有水痘疫情暴发的可能,建议尽快推行2剂次水痘疫苗接种程序。同时,提高学校晨检质量,发现疑似水痘病例并及时隔离、报告,加强消毒和健康宣教,提高水痘疫苗接种率等是防控水痘疫情的有效措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological features and causes of the outbreak of varicella in a school of Guangzhou and provide a reference for better dealing with the outbreak of varicella in the future. Methods Field epidemiology investigation method was used to collect data and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results The attack rate of the outbreak of varicella was 0. 48%（15/3 097） and the age of the patients ranged from 11 to 15 years old,among which 10 cases had the history of varicella immunization,accounting for 66. 67%. In the 7 th grade with the most cases,the vaccination rate of varicella vaccine was 85. 67%. The difference in incidence between varicella vaccinated group and unvaccinated group was not statistically significant（χ2= 0. 147,P = 0. 702）. Conclusion There is still the possibility of an outbreak of varicella in schools with a high vaccination rate for varicella vaccines. It is suggested that two doses of varicella vaccination procedures should be implemented as soon as possible. At the same time,improving the quality of morning inspection in schools,timely detecting,isolating and reporting the cases of varicella,strengthening disinfection and health education,improving the vaccination rate of varicella vaccine are effective measures to prevent and control varicella epidemic.

关 键 词：水痘 暴发 学校 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]