刑法解释学基石范畴的法理阐释——关于“刑法解释”的若干重要命题  

A Jurisprudential Explanation of the Fundamental Categories in Criminal Law Interpretation Studies: Some Important Issues in Interpreting Criminal Law

作　　者：魏东[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院 [2]四川大学刑事政策研究中心

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2018年第3期111-134,共24页Law and Modernization

基　　金：国家社科基金项目重点课题"刑法解释原理与实证问题研究"(12AFX009)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：刑法解释作为刑法解释学的基石范畴,是指对刑法规定含义的理解、阐明和具体适用。刑法解释具有作为法律解释的基本特性,包括司法适用性与司法甄别性、双向性与主体间性、两面性与主客观性、合法性与正当性、方法性与目的性等。刑法解释的类型论可以有多重视角,从刑法解释的规范目标的立场来看,主要有刑法的主观解释与客观解释之分;从刑法解释的规范属性的立场来看,主要有刑法的形式解释与实质解释之分;根据刑法解释的方法不同,可以分为文义解释、体系解释、历史解释、目的解释四种(经典四分法),但经典四分法自引入中国以来一直面临着争议和挑战,中国刑法学者现在越来越多地主张将刑法解释方法分为文义解释方法、论理解释方法、刑事政策解释方法(新三分法),这种新三分法逐渐成为有强大理论解释力的理论共识。The interpretation of criminal law, as the foundation for criminal law interpretation studies, refers to the understanding, clarification and specific application of the meaning of the clauses specified in criminal law. Such a kind of interpretation has the fundamental characteristics of legal interpretation, including judicial applicability and differentiation; bi-directionality and inter-subjectivity; duality and subjectivity- objectivity; legality and legitimacy; and serving as the means as well as the ends. There are many types of criminal law interpretation： in terms of the normative objectives, it can be divided into subjective and objective interpretations; in terms of the normative attributes, it can be divided into formal and substantive interpretations; in terms of methodological differences, it can be divided into semantic interpretation, systematic interpretation, historical interpretation, and teleological interpretation （i.e. the classic quartering）. However, the classic quartering has long been controversial since its introduction into China. Chinese criminal law scholars are now increasingly advocating that the method of criminal law interpretation should include semantic interpretation, logical interpretation and sociological interpretation （collectively known as new trichotomy）, which has gradually grown into a theoretical consensus with adequate explanatory power.

关 键 词：刑法解释 司法适用性 刑法解释教义学 经典四分法 新三分法 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]