万有引力常数G精确测量实验进展  

Progress on the precision measurement of the Newtonian gravitational constant G

作　　者：刘建平 邬俊飞 黎卿 薛超[2] 毛德凯 杨山清 邵成刚 涂良成 胡忠坤 罗俊 Liu Jian-Ping1,Wu Jun-Fei1, Li Qing1, Xue Chao2, Mao De-Kai1, Yang Shan-Qing1,Shao Cheng-Gang1,Tu Liang-Chengl,2,Hu Zhong-Kun1,Luo Jun1,2. 1.(MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China） 2.（ TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学物理学院基本物理量测量教育部重点实验室引力与量子物理湖北省重点实验室,武汉430074 [2]中山大学天琴引力物理研究中心,珠海519082

出　　处：《物理学报》2018年第16期94-109,共16页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(批准号:91536223);国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2010CB832801)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：万有引力常数G是人类历史上引入的第一个基本物理学常数,其在理论物理、天体物理和地球物理等许多领域中扮演着重要角色.两百多年来,人们共测量出了200多个G值,但G的测量精度仍然是所有物理学常数中最差的,这一现象反映了测G工作本身的复杂性和困难性.本文简要概述了G值测量的意义和测G的历史,并结合自2010年以来国际上新出现的三个高精度测G实验介绍这一领域的研究进展,以及华中科技大学引力实验中心测G工作的最新动态.The Newtonian gravitational constant G is the first fundamental physics constant introduced by human beings. It plays an important role in many fields, such as theoretical physics, astrophysics, and geophysics. Its precision measure- ment and related research is of great significance to the whole experimental physics. However, the measuring accuracy of G is the worst among all fundamental physical constants, which reflects the great complexity and difficulty in determining G. This paper briefly reviews the history of G measurement, and also introduces the current research progress in this field by a summary of the recent three precision measurements of G. At the end of the paper, the latest developments of the G measurement in the center of gravitational experiments at Huazhong University of Science and Technology are introduced.

关 键 词：万有引力常数G 精密测量 扭秤周期法 角加速度反馈法 

分 类 号：O314[理学—一般力学与力学基础]