中国北方白桦自然群体比较选择及子代测定  

Comparison,Selection and Its Progeny Test of Natural Population of Betula platyphylla in Northern China

作　　者：兰士波 Lan Shibo(Forestry Research Institute of Heilongjiiang Province,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省林业科学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《北华大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第5期582-587,共6页Journal of Beihua University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家林木种质资源平台运行服务项目(2011DKA21003-02);国家林业公益性行业专项(201204307-07)

摘　　要：以中国北方分布的白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)自然群体及其子代测定林为对象,采用固定标准地定位观测的方法,基于群体选择、变异分析和遗传效应评价,探讨自然群体及其子代树高、胸径和冠幅等性状的遗传变异,系统分析生长性状的遗传力和遗传增益,并从中选择生长势、抗逆性和适应能力兼优的群体或个体.结果表明:中国北方白桦自然群体间的生长性状存在极显著差异,树高变异最小,冠幅变异较大,胸径变异最大,平均变异系数分别为20.56%,32.25%和33.00%,且群体内子代间性状差异极显著.白桦生长性状受遗传基因的控制程度较强,遗传增益较大,树高、胸径和冠幅的遗传力分别为0.971,0.816和0.576,遗传增益分别为15.97%,21.54%和13.87%,因此,以生长性状为主要评价指标,兼顾各种影响因素,确定山西群体(SX)、河北群体(HB)和辽宁群体(LN)为优异群体,LN305,SX516和HB403为优良个体,可广泛应用于多世代遗传改良育种中.The natural population and its forest of progenies were regarded as objects by using positional observation method of fixed standard fields,this thesis performed on discussing the genetic variation of the tree height,DBH and its crown breath from the natural populations and its progenies,and analyzing systematically the heritability and the genetic gains in quantity characters,and electing the superior populations or individual which had excellent growth potential,resistance and adaptability on the basis of selection of populations,the analysis of genetic variation and evaluation on its heredity effects. The research results showed that there were greatly significant difference on the quantitative characters among the natural populations of Betula platyphylla in the northern China,and the coefficient of variance from the tree height（ 20. 56%） were smallest followed by its crown breath（ 32. 25%）,but its DBH（ 33. 00%） were largest. On the other hand,there was greatly significant difference among its progenies on the tree height,DBH and crown breath within natural populations. Meanwhile,the growth characters had strong heritability,high genetic gain and remarkable heredity effects. The heritability of tree height,DBH and its crown breath were 0. 971,0. 816 and 0. 576,and the genetic gain were 15. 97%,21. 54% and 13. 87%,respectively. Therefore,SX,HB and LN were determined to be excellent natural populations,and LN305,SX516 and HB403 were determined to be excellent individuals,which were applied in the advanced generation improvement breeding.

关 键 词：白桦 自然群体 比较选择 子代测定 遗传效应 遗传增益 

分 类 号：S722.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]