航天器结构可靠性安全系数设计方法研究  

Study on the design method of reliability safety factor of spacecraft structure

作　　者：李炳蔚[1] 祝学军[1] 卜奎晨[1] 龚旻[1] 南宫自军[1] LI Bingwei;ZHU Xuejun;BU Kuichen;GONG Min;NANGONG Zijun(China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology,Bering,100076)

机构地区：[1]中国运载火箭技术研究院,北京100076

出　　处：《强度与环境》2018年第4期23-30,共8页Structure & Environment Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11602306)资助

摘　　要：火箭、导弹等航天器结构安全系数是强度设计考虑的关键参数,是设计载荷与使用载荷的比值,通常考虑材料性能散差、载荷计算偏差、结构零部件的制造工艺水平和稳定性等。目前航天器结构强度校核基本沿用传统的确定性安全系数方法,这种方法简单、可靠,但是随着航天器总体设计技术的发展和国际商业航天市场竞争的白热化,结构减重需求日趋增强,对安全系数进行精细化设计成为了一个重要的研究课题。基于此,本文开展了基于结构可靠性的航天器结构安全系数设计方法研究,给出了基于应力强度干涉模型的可靠性安全系数设计方法和设计流程,提出了基于总体偏差概率设计的航天器飞行载荷变差系数确定方法,给出了基于试验和数值仿真的导弹强度变差系数工程设计方法,可实现航天器结构安全系数精细化设计、结构减重,对提升航天器总体性能和运载能力具有重要的意义。Structural safety factor is a key parameter of strength design of spacecraft, such as rocket and missile. Safety factor, which is defined as the ratio of the design load over operating load, is usually used to consider the effect of dispersion of material performance, deviation of load, manufacturing process level and stability of structural parts. The structural strength examination of spacecraft is now mainly based on the traditional method of deterministic safety factor, which is simple and reliable. However, as the development of the spacecraft design technology and the increasingly competition of the international commercial space market, the need for structural weight loss is growing, and the fine design for the safety factor becomes a important research topic. Therefore, this paper studied the design method of spacecraft structural safety factor, based on the structural reliability. Reliability safety factor design method and process is provided based on a stress intensity interference model, and the approach of determining the flight load variation coefficients is proposed based on the deviation probability design. This study makes it possible to design structure safety factor precisely, reduce the structural weight, and is of great significance to improvement of spacecraft general performance and carrying capacity.

关 键 词：航天器 可靠性 安全系数 设计方法 

分 类 号：V421.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]