连续负压供水对辣椒种植土壤速效养分及酶活性的影响  

Effect of continuous negative pressure water supply on soil nutrients and soil bioactivities

作　　者：李迪[1] 龙怀玉[2] 王宁[1] 何淑平[1] 张兴梅[1] 王鹏[1] LI Di;LONG Huai-yu;WANG Ning;HE Shu-ping;ZHANG Xing-mei;WANG Peng(Heilongjiang Bayi Agri-cultural University,Daqing Heilongjiang 163319;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学.黑龙江大庆163319 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2018年第4期21-27,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：作物生长水分与营养土壤生境调控技术2013AA102900-3

摘　　要：为探索负压供水对辣椒土壤速效养分和土壤生物活性的影响,在温室大棚内采用盆栽试验,试验利用负压供水装置,设置-5、-10、-15 k Pa以及人工浇水(CK)4个处理,测定了辣椒各生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,以及土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性指标。结果表明,试验中供水压力控制在-5^-15 k Pa时,辣椒各生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,4种土壤酶活性均显著高于CK,其中,-5k Pa处理对土壤养分及酶活性的提高显著。土壤速效养分含量与酶活性相关分析表明,在负压供水条件下,土壤4种酶活性之间,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量之间,土壤酶与土壤速效养分之间均呈极显著正相关;主成分分析表明,第一主成分对土壤养分供应能力的贡献大,第二主成分反映出过氧化氢酶及蔗糖酶不断分解减少时,有效磷及速效钾权重减少。综上所述,采用负压供水方式,能促进土壤酶活性提高,有利于辣椒土壤养分的转化,当供水压力稳定在-5 k Pa时,提高辣椒土壤养分效果更为显著。Pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse to explore the effect of negative pressure water supply on soil nutrients and soil bioactivities of Capsicum annuum L. using the negative pressure water supply device by means of continuous negative pressure water supply. 4 treatments,namely,-5,-10,-15 k Pa and manual irrigation（ CK） were set up in the experiment,so as to determine soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents,as well as soil catalase,urease,sucrase and phosphatase activities at all growth stages of Capsicum annuum L.. The results indicated that soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents,as well as 4 soil enzyme activities at all growth stages of Capsicum annuum L. were remarkably higher than those in CK when the water supply pressure was controlled at-5 k Pa to-15 k Pa. Among them,-5 k Pa treatment significantly increased soil nutrients and enzyme activities.Correlation analyses of soil available nutrient contents and enzyme activities indicated that,under negative pressure water supply conditions,soil enzymes showed distinctly positive correlation with soil available nutrients among the 4 soil enzymes,among soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and among soil enzymes and soil nutrients. Principal component analysis revealed that the first principal component had great contribution to the comprehensive soil fertility level. In addition,the second principal component suggested that available phosphorus and available potassium decreased as catalase and sucrase decomposed and decreased. In conclusion,adopting the negative pressure water supply manner can promote soil enzyme activities of Capsicum annuum L.,which is beneficial to the transition of soil nutrients of Capsicum annuum L.. Furthermore,the effect on improving soil fertility of Capsicum annuum L. is more outstanding when the water supply pressure is stable at-5 k Pa.

关 键 词：连续负压供水 土壤酶 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学] S154[农业科学—农业基础科学]