土施钾肥对骏枣叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响  

Effect of soil potassium fertilization on leaf photosynthesis and fruit quality of jujube

作　　者：吴翠云 蒋卉[2] 李天红[3] 于军 WU Cui-yun;JIANG Hui;LI Tian-hong;YU Jun(College of Plant Science,Tarim University/The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang,Alar Xinjiang 843300;College of Life Science,Tarim University,Alar Xin-jiang 843300;College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University.Beijing 100094)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学植物科学学院/南疆特色果树高效优质栽培与深加工技术国家地方联合工程实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学生命科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [3]中国农业大学园艺学院,北京100094

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2018年第4期99-106,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC14B05);兵团科技创新团队建设项目(2014CC006)

摘　　要：以新疆阿拉尔垦区直播密植栽培模式下的4年生骏枣为试验材料,研究了密植枣园硫酸钾不同施用量和施肥时期对骏枣叶片光合特性及果实品质和产量的影响。结果表明,土施钾肥显著提高叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn),以果实膨大期或坐果期结合膨大期土壤追施硫酸钾450 kg/hm^2处理的效果最为显著,而坐果期施钾肥显著降低骏枣叶片气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)。骏枣叶片水分利用效率(WUE)随着施钾量的增加而提高,且施肥时期越早效果越显著;蒸腾速率随施钾量的增加而降低,胞间二氧化碳(Ci)含量未受钾肥调控影响。增施钾肥显著提高了骏枣果实单果重、可溶性糖、淀粉及Vc含量,降低有机酸含量,从而提高糖酸比,并提高单果重和鲜果产量,以果实膨大期土施钾肥450 kg/hm^2效果最为显著,其次为果实硬核期施肥。Four-year-old Jun-jujube was used as test material to study the effects of different fertilization amounts and fertilization period of potassium on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic traits of leaves and fruit quality and yield of jujube. The research results showed that the chlorophyll [Chl a,Chl b,and Chl（ a ＋ b）] content and net photosynthetic rate（ Pn） of jujube leaf were improved by applying potassium,and applying 450 kg/hm^2 in the fruit-expanding period or fruit-set period combining with the fruit-expanding period had the best effect. The analysis of photosynthetic parameter indexes showed that stomatal conductance（ Gs） and transpiration rate（ Tr） were decreased significantly by potassium application in fruit-setting period.The water use efficiency（ WUE） of leaves was improved with both the increase of fertilizer amount and the earlier fertilization period. Tr was decreased with the increase of fertilization rate. Soil potassium application had no significant effect on intercellular carbon dioxide（ Ci）. Potassium fertilization significantly increased fruit weight and the content of soluble sugar,starch and Vc,reduced the content of organic acid,thus increased the sugar acid ratio,and improved the fruit weight and yield.The experimental treatment of with 450 kg/hm^2 soil potassium application in fruit enlargement period was the best,followed by fruit hardcore period.

关 键 词：枣 钾肥 施肥量 施肥时期 光合特性 果实品质 

分 类 号：S143.3[农业科学—肥料学] S665.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]