鲜食葡萄的硅肥施用效应及其安全评价  

The response of table grape growth and yield to silicon addition and safety evaluation of Si fertilizer application on calcareous soil

作　　者：张梅 褚贵新[1,2] ZHANG Mei;CHU Gui-xin(Shaoxing University,Shaoxing Zhejiang 312000;College of Agriculture,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Groups,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003)

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院.浙江绍兴312000 [2]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2018年第4期126-132,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAB03B02)

摘　　要：通过两年(2015~2016年)田间小区试验,比较研究了水淬渣硅肥与钢渣硅肥对无核紫和红地球葡萄生长、产量、果实丙二醛(MDA)含量和抗氧化物酶活性及叶片和土壤重金属含量的影响,并分析了土壤环境风险。结果表明,施硅可显著提高土壤有效硅和叶片含硅量(P<0.05),收获期两种硅肥处理的土壤有效硅和叶片含硅量分别比CK处理提高9.9%~13.0%和28.4%~41.7%;施硅处理均显著提高了两种葡萄叶片干物质量、厚度和产量(P<0.05),其中水淬渣和钢渣硅肥处理的葡萄产量较CK处理分别提高15.5%和11.1%;硅肥处理较CK处理可提高葡萄果实超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)等抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA含量,但各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。两种钢渣硅肥施用均对土壤重金属含量无显著影响;对葡萄叶片中Cu、Hg含量无显著影响,而As、Cd、Pb和Cr含量均显著降低;各处理土壤重金属综合污染指数均小于1。总之,两种钢渣硅肥施用可提高葡萄产量,降低葡萄叶片重金属含量,且未对土壤环境造成安全风险。其中,水淬渣硅肥效果优于钢渣硅肥。In this study,a two-year field experiment（2015 and 2016） was carried out to investigate the effects of water-cooling slag and steel slag silicon fertilizer on‘Mounkka＇grape and‘Red Globe＇grape growth,yields,berries MDA content and antioxidant enzyme activities,including SOD,POD. Meanwhile,table grape leaf and soil heavy metal contents were determined,and the soil environmental risk was analyzed. The results showed that the plant-available silicon and grape leaf silicon content with application of silicon fertilizers significantly increased by 9. 9% ~ 13. 0% and 28. 4% ~ 41. 7% in comparison with control,respectively（ P 〈0. 05）; Silicon fertilization significantly improved grape leaf dry weight,leaf thickness and yield in both cultivars（ P 〈0. 05）. Table grape fruit yield was 15. 5% and 11. 1% higher in the treatment with either water-cooling slag fertilizer or steel-slag fertilizer than those in the control across the two years tested. Silicon fertilizer application improved berries enzyme activity（ i. e. SOD,POD） and decreased MDA content（ P 〉0. 05）. Moreover,it was found that water-cooling slag and steel slag fertilizer application had no significantly effect on soil heavy metal content; applying silicate fertilizer significantly decreased leaf heavy metal contents（ i. e. As,Cd,Pb and Cr）; the Pip values were lower than 1 across all the treatments. In conclusion,silicate fertilizer improved table grape yield and decreased leaf heavy metal content,and silicate fertilization showed no safety risk to the soil environment. Moreover,water-cooling slag fertilizer was better than steel slag.

关 键 词：硅肥 钢渣 水淬渣 葡萄 重金属 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S663.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]