超临界CO_2流体萃取生物基质中的铀  

Extraction of Uranium from Biological Matrices Using Supercritical CO_2 Fluid

作　　者：叶爽 李婷[1] 谭婉玉 谭凯旋[1] YE Shuang;LI Ting;TAN Wanyu;TAN Kaixuan(School of Nuclear Resource Engineering,University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学核资源工程学院,湖南衡阳421001

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2018年第8期1-5,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91026015);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2017B520)

摘　　要：铀矿采冶和加工过程中引起的放射性环境污染的修复是环境治理的一个重要难题,新兴的植物修复技术在放射性环境修复中具有潜在的优势。该文实验研究了超临界CO_2流体萃取植物修复中所产生的富铀植物中的铀。利用正交实验,研究了螯合剂种类、压强、温度、时间对超临界CO_2流体萃取植物中铀的影响。结果表明以HNO_3-TBP作为螯合剂,超临界CO_2流体可以有效萃取植物中的铀,最佳工艺参数为压强20 MPa、温度50℃、萃取时间45 min,铀萃取率达到90.56%。超临界CO_2流体可望回收植物修复中所产生的富铀植物中的铀。Remediation of radioactive contamination caused by uranium mining, smelting and processing is a problem difficult to deal with in environmental management. On the other hand, there has been an emerging phytoremediation technology which has potential advantages in radioactive contamination remediation. In this paper, technology of uranium extraction by supercritical CO2 fluid was experimentally studied focusing on uranium extraction from the uranium-enriched plants generated in phyto-remediation. By orthogonal experiment, the effects of factors, i.e. chelating agents, pressure, temperature and time on extraction were studied, respectively. Results of the study showed that supercritical CO2 fluid technology effectively extracted uranium from the plants with HNO3-TBP as a chelating agent, and the optimal experimental condition： the pressure was 20 MPa; temperature 50 ℃ and extraction time 45 min, under which the uranium extraction rate reached up to 90.56%. In conclusion, supercritical CO2 fluid could be effectively used to recover uranium from uranium-enriched plants.

关 键 词：螯合剂 超临界CO2流体 富铀植物 铀萃取 

分 类 号：X753[环境科学与工程—环境工程]