有机磷农药污染土壤的微生物降解研究进展  

Microbial Degradation of Organophosphorus Pesticide Contaminated Soils

作　　者：张娜娜 姜博 邢奕 连路宁 陈亚婷 ZHANG Nana;JIANG BO;XING Yi;LIAN Luning;CHEN Yating(School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学能源与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京市工业典型污染物资源化处理重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《土壤》2018年第4期645-655,共11页Soils

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(FRF-TP-16-063A1)资助

摘　　要：有机磷农药是目前我国使用量最大的农药之一,严重污染环境和生态系统,并通过食物链在生物体内富集,进而危害人类健康。微生物降解技术具有降解效率高、代谢途径多、无二次污染的优势,是目前清除环境中有机磷农药的主要手段,能有效降低有机磷农药的危害。目前有机磷农药的降解微生物主要是通过实验室纯培养方法获得,与自然生态环境中存在的降解功能性微生物信息差异较大,而利用不可培养方法识别功能性微生物的技术具有广阔的应用前景。本文从有机磷农药的使用情况及引发的环境问题出发,概述了有机磷农药在土壤中的迁移转化途径,稳定同位素探测技术和磁性纳米材料等不可培养方法对有机磷农药降解功能性微生物的识别,微生物降解有机磷农药污染土壤的功能基因、降解途径及降解机理;探讨了植物–微生物联合修复在有机磷农药污染土壤修复中的作用,并分析了环境因子及农药自身性质对有机磷农药降解的影响;最后,讨论了微生物降解技术存在的问题及今后研究方向。Organophosphorus pesticides（OPs） are widely used in agriculture, which have caused serious environmental pollution and ecological damage. In addition, OPs can accumulate in the organisms through food chain, leading to severe threat to human health. Microbial degradation serves as an efficient tool for remediation of OPs contaminated soils without secondary pollution. At present, the cultivable method is most commonly used for screening OPs-degrading microorganisms, while most microorganisms are uncultivable in the natural ecological environment. Identification of functional microbes with the novel uncultivable technology is becoming a promising technology. This paper, based on the use of OPs and the environmental problems, summarized the migration and transformation patterns of OPs in soils and the identification of the uncultivable functional microbes using the recently developed Stable Isotope Probing （SIP） and magnetic nanoparticle technology, discussed the functional genes for OPs degradation and the degradation pathways as well as the combination of plants and microbes in remediation of OPs-contaminated soils, introduced the limiting environmental factors influencing OPs degradation, including pH, temperature, organic matter content, etc., and finally, put forward the challenges and prospectives of microbial degradation of OPs.

关 键 词：有机磷农药 微生物降解 不可培养微生物 功能基因 降解途径 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]