文冠果雌雄花比和繁育系统研究  

Study on Female and Male Flowers Ratio,and Breeding System of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge

作　　者：王国辉 阮成江 刘文浩 杜维 WANG Guo-hui(Demonstration Forest Farm of Forestry Science and Technology of FuxinMongolia Autonomous County,Fuxin,Liaoning 123000)

机构地区：[1]阜新蒙古族自治县林业科技示范林场,辽宁阜新123000 [2]大连民族大学资源植物研所,辽宁大连116600

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2018年第7期16-19,共4页Horticulture & Seed

基　　金：国家十二五科技支撑计划子课题(2015BAD07B0106);国家自然科学基金(31760213);辽宁省重点研发计划(2017204001)共同资助

摘　　要：[目的]为文冠果的丰产栽培和遗传改良提供科学依据和基础。[方法]观测我国北部文冠果的花期物候特征、调查不同地理栽培区文冠果的雌雄花比,利用人工控制授粉的方法,检测文冠果的繁育系统。[结果]文冠果在我国北方地区总状花序的花色主要有白色、全红色和花瓣上部白下部紫红色;单果实有8~29粒种子,单粒种子介于0.66~1.85 g。文冠果雌雄花比非常低,介于0.12%~0.84%。文冠果不存在无融合生殖,存在自交不亲和现象,人工异交坐果率和单果种子数明显高于人工自交。[结论]文冠果雌花少、雄花多,低雌雄花比,文冠果的自交不亲和较易发生,导致了文冠果"千花一果"的发生。[Objective] To providing scientific reference for highyield cultivation and geneticimprovement of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. [Method] The study investigated phenologicalcharacteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge in in Northern China, and compared female and maleflowers ratio of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge in different cultivation area. Artificial pollination were usedto test breeding system. [Result] The flower color of it in Northern China were white, red, and whiteaubergine chimera. There was 8-29 seeds for every fruit, and every seed was 0.66-1.85 g. Female andmale flowers ratio was very low, between 0.12 -0.84%. Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge was with selfincompatibility, and without apomixis. Fruit setting rate and seed number per fruit of artificial outcross washigher than those of artificial selfcross. [Conclusion] Low female and male flowers ratio and selfincompatibility were reasons of ＂Thousands of Flowers with Only One Fruit＂ in Xanthoceras sorbifoliaBunge.

关 键 词：文冠果 花期物候 雌雄花比 繁育系统 自亲不亲和 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]