汉英非典型被动结构对比考察——以“被自杀”结构为例  

A Contrastive Study on Chinese and English Noncanonicd Construction;Taking BE-SUZ-CIDED Construction as a Focus

作　　者：宋定宇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院外国语学院,贵州遵义563000 [2]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《外语与外语教学》2018年第4期82-90,共9页Foreign Languages and Their Teaching

摘　　要：本文从历时的维度对汉英语中的"被自杀(BE-SUICIDED)"类非典型结构进行深度对比审视,析述该类结构的形成和演进轨迹,从语言学层面分析该类结构的句法语义特征,并提出了该类结构的英译策略。研究发现:句法层面,该类结构为两个典型被动结构的融合,含有隐匿的轻动词产生的致使结构。"自杀"不能进入带宾语的主动结构,suicide则可。BE-SUICIDED出现早于"被自杀"一百多年。前者具有广泛的生成性,而后者的生成性相对较弱;语义层面,该类结构的被动标记含有隐性否定,施话人通过标记化手段向受话人传递潜在语义。研究揭示了该类语言构式语言学上的存在理据,给英译"被自杀"类表述提供了案例和理论支持。The non-canonical construction beizisha(BE-SUICIDED) exists in both Chinese and English.In this study,we conduct an in-depth contrastive investigation into this kind of construction,diachronically and synchronically analyzing its formation and evolution in terms of social factors that cause the change.The study finds that the constructions of beizisha and BE-SUICIDED both result from similar social factors;syntactically,beizisha(BE-SUICIDED) construction is the merger of two canonical constructions,containing an implicit accusative construction caused by light verbs.zisha cannot take an object in an active construction,but suicide can.BE-SUICIDED predates beizisha by over 100 years.zisha is much more generative while BE-SUICIDED is comparatively less.Semantically,the passive markers in beizisha and BE-SUICIDED signify an import of implicit negation.The speaker conveys the connotation to the hearer by means of markedness.The study reveals the linguistic motivation for the existence of such constructions and offers empirical and theoretical support for the translation of such expressions.

关 键 词：非典型结构 致使结构 隐性否定 生成性 标记化 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]