引进CIMMYT优异麦类种质在甘肃中西部区域的适应性鉴定  

Adaptability identification of elite triticeae germplasm from CIMMYT in middle-western region of Gansu

作　　者：杨芳萍[1] 郭莹[1] 王振平 赵祯祥 马小乐[4] YANG Fang-ping;GUO Ying;WANG Zhen-ping;ZHAO Zhen-xiang;MA Xiao-le(Wheat research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;TianhaoSeed Industry company in Xinjiang,Changji 831100,China;Tianshui Institute of AgriculturalSciences,Tianshui 741200;Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]新疆天浩种业有限公司,新疆昌吉831100 [3]天水农业科学研究所,甘肃天水741200 [4]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2018年第4期45-51,共7页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：甘肃省农业科学院科技支撑计划项目(2016GAAS12);甘肃省农业科学院中青年基金项目(2016GAAS38)资助

摘　　要：为了拓宽和丰富麦类种质的遗传多样性,在甘肃中西部区域对引自国际玉米小麦改良中心(CIMMYT)的不同麦类种质材料(包括六倍体小黑麦、人工合成小麦、硬粒小麦和普通小麦)鉴定主要农艺性状和抗逆性。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫时六倍体小黑麦的丰产性、抗病性、抗旱性明显优于其他麦类作物,灌溉处理时熟期较晚,丰产、抗病,植株高,籽粒粉质,欠饱满;(2)人工合成小麦秆矮、籽粒小、产量低,穗粒数低,千粒质量较高,籽粒琥珀色,丰产性、抗旱性较差;(3)硬粒小麦植株普遍矮,籽粒角质,大部分材料丰产性和抗旱性较差,抗条锈病;(4)能直接应用于中西部小麦生产的普通小麦极少,大部分灌溉圃小麦材料较宁春4号(CK1)植株偏高、产量低、晚熟,但抗条锈病;半干旱圃小麦品系较甘肃中部抗旱小麦品种植株矮小,大部分材料的产量水平比西旱2号(CK2)低,但抗条锈病和抗旱性好。In order to broaden and enrich genetic diversity of wheat resources,mainly agronomic traits and resistance to stress of different Triticeae Germplasms introduced from CIMMYT,including triticale,synthesized hexaploid wheat,durum wheat and common wheat（ irrigating and semi-arid nursery of wheat materials）,were identified in middle-western regions in Gansu province. The results showed that：（ 1） under drought condition,hexaploid triticale lines yielded higher output,more resistant characteristic to stripe rust and drought than other triticeae crops; and they showed later maturity,higher yield,resistance to diseases,tall plant height in irrigation,whose grains were soft and fleshless;（ 2） most synthesized hexaploid wheat had dwarf plant,small grain,low yield and grain number per ear,high 1 000-grain-weight,whose grain was amber. They manifested low yield and weak resistance to drought;（ 3） plant height of durum wheat was lower than most hexaploid wheat,and most ones indicated low yield and poor resistance to drought,on the other hand,they express good resistance to yellow rust;（ 4） the lines of common wheat from CIMMYT directly applied to agricultural production of middle-western regions were very few. Most of irrigating nursery materials had higher plant height,lower yield,later maturity and strong resistance to stripe rust; semi-arid nursery lines have lower plant height and yield,comparing with arid cultivars CK2 of middle region in Gansu,but they showed high resistance to stripe rust and drought. The results may supply guidance for introduction and application of new lines of triticeae crops from CIMMYT in future.

关 键 词：CIMMYT麦类种质 适应性 鉴定 甘肃中西部 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]