地铁线路钢轨表面横向裂纹及掉块伤损原因分析  

Analysis of causes of metro rail surface transverse cracks, shelling and flaking defects

作　　者：郑建国 周剑华 费俊杰 朱敏 王瑞敏 Zheng Jianguo;Zhou Jianhua;Fei Junjie

机构地区：[1]宝钢股份中央研究院武汉分院,湖北武汉430080

出　　处：《现代城市轨道交通》2018年第9期37-40,共4页Modern Urban Transit

基　　金：武汉市科技计划资助项目(2013011403010505)

摘　　要：地铁线路钢轨使用1.5～2.5年后在表面产生横向裂纹及剥离掉块伤损。对地铁线路钢轨性能以及伤损的特征分析表明,该伤损是一种滚动接触疲劳伤损,主要原因是钢轨表面长期处于潮湿状态,轮轨之间的摩擦系数变小,造成钢轨表面塑性变形层内微裂纹萌生后的发展速度大于钢轨磨耗速度,裂纹向钢轨内部扩展;液体侵入裂纹内形成挤压效应,加速裂纹的发展,从而在钢轨表面产生横向裂纹并快速发展成掉块伤损。在裂纹发展初期对钢轨进行预防性打磨,并保持地铁环境的干燥,可有效预防和减轻钢轨表面横向裂纹及掉块伤损的产生和发展。After metro rail is in use for 1.5 to 2.5 years, transverse cracks and defects of shelling and flaking occur on rail surface. The analysis of rail performance and defects characteristics shows that the defects are rolling contact fatigue damages. The main cause is that the rail surface is in a humid state for a long time, and the friction coefficient between wheels and rail becomes smaller, resulting in the development speed of small cracks in the plastic deformation layer on rail surface is larger than that of rail wear. The crack is developed further into the rail inside, and the liquid invasion crack is formed into a squeezing effect, which accelerates the development of the crack, resulted in transverse cracks on the rail surface and rapidly developing into shelling and flaking. In the early stage of crack development, preventive grinding of rails and keeping the metro environment dry effectively prevents and reduces the occurrence and development of rail surface transverse cracks, shelling and flaking defects.

关 键 词：地铁 钢轨 横向裂纹 剥离掉块 疲劳伤损 

分 类 号：U213[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]