天津市2005-2017年人间狂犬病流行特征及病例分析  

Epidemiological characters and clinical features of human rabies in Tianjin, 2005-2017

作　　者：刘怡芳[1] 吕杰[1] 苏承 李琳[1] Liu Yifang;Lyv Jie;Su Cheng;Li Lin(Department of infectious diseases,Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Tianjin 300011,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市疾病预防控制中心传染病控制室传染病科,300011

出　　处：《国际病毒学杂志》2018年第4期255-258,共4页International Journal of Virology

摘　　要：目的 了解天津市2005-2017年人间狂犬病流行情况及病例特征,为狂犬病防控工作提供科学参考依据.方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集天津市2005-2017年人间狂犬病病例疫情报告数据及个案流行病学调查信息,对狂犬病流行情况及病例特征进行描述.结果 2005-2017年天津市共报告狂犬病病例85例,年均发病率为0.05/10万.各月均有病例报告.男女性别比为3.3∶1.45～59岁年龄组病例数占总数的50.6％（43/85）.职业以农民（38.8％,33/85）和外来务工人员（31.7％,27/85）为主.78例病例为犬致伤,暴露动物均无狂犬疫苗免疫史.手部为主要暴露部位（62.5％,50/80）.46.3％（37/80）的病例在暴露后未进行任何处置,全部病例中仅有1例完成全程正规暴露后处置.病例潜伏期中位数为60.5 （9.0～1 461.0）d,不同暴露部位潜伏期差异有统计学意义（H=17.80,P＜0.01）.结论 农村仍是天津市狂犬病防控工作的重点,狂犬病知识的科普和规范化动物致伤处置门诊的建设是解决这一问题的有效手段.Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human cases of rabies in Tianjin during 2005-2017,so as to provide scientific basis for the disease control.Methods The epidemiological data of human cases of rabies from 2005 to 2017 in Tianjin were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.The epidemics of rabies and clinical features of human cases were described.Results Eighty-five human cases of rabies were reported in Tianjin from 2005-2017 and the annual incidence was 0.05/100 000.Rabies cases were reported every month.The majority of cases were farmers and migrant workers,especially males （male-to-female ratio：3.3∶1）.Patients of 45-59 years old accounted for 50.6％ of all the cases.Seventy-eight cases were exposed by dog bites while none of these dogs were vaccinated.Hand was the most common exposure site （62.5％,50/80）.After exposure,46.3％ （37/80） of the patients did nothing for the wounds.Only 1 case received properly standardized PEE The incubation period was from 9.0 to 1 461.0 days and the median value was 60.5 days.There was statistically significant difference in average incubation period of different exposure sites （H=17.80,P＜0.001）.Conclusions Rural area was still the most important site for prevention and control of human cases of rabies in Tianjin.Health education on rabies and construction of standardized post-exposure prophylaxis clinics are the effective measures.

关 键 词：狂犬病 流行病学 动物致伤处置门诊 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学]