城乡老年人选择、优化、补偿模型与自我效能感的相关分析  

Correlation analysis between the model of selection-optimization-compensation and self-efficacy in urban and rural elderly

作　　者：卞康 李华伟[1] 苗秀欣[1] 陈丽丽[1] 边春婷 孙梦妮 刘翠萍[1] 赵萌[1] 刘婷[1] Bian Kang;Li Huawei;Miao Xiuxin;Chert Lili;Bian Chunting;Sun Mengni;Liu Cuiping;Zhao Meng;Liu Ting(School of Nursing,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266021,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学护理学院,266021

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2018年第22期2648-2651,共4页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练项目（201611065147）

摘　　要：目的 比较城乡老年人选择、优化、补偿模型（SOC）的应用现状及自我效能感的差异,分析两者的相关性,探究城乡老年人实现成功老龄化的相关因素.方法 2016年7—12月采用简单随机抽样法,对山东某地区城市103名及农村97名老年人进行问卷调查,主要内容包括一般情况调查、SOC模式量表、自我效能感量表（SES）及成功老龄化访谈问卷.结果 城市老年人SOC、SES总分分别为（7.83±1.72）、（21.26±3.77）分,与农村老年人比较,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为3.933、-4.310;P〈0.01）.Pearson相关分析,SOC总分与SES总分呈负相关（r=-0.610,P〈0.01）.不同性别老年人SES总分比较差异有统计学意义（t=-2.168,P=0.031）;不同性别老年人SOC总分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;不同年龄、身体状况的老年人SOC总分、SES总分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 成功老龄化的实现需要有良好的身体、心理、社交和经济状况;SOC模型的正确应用可以提高老年人的自我效能感;农村老年人的成功老龄化问题更加需要社会的关注.Objective To compare the differences in self-efficacy and the present application situation of selection, optimization and compensation model （SOC） between urban and rural elderly. To analysis the correlation of SOC and self-efficacy, and explore the factors associated with successful aging in urban and rural elderly. Methods From July to December 2016, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 103 urban and 97 rural elders in a certain area of Shandong Province. The main contents of the questionnaire includes general life survey, SOC life management strategy, Self-efficacy Scale （SES） and Success Aging Interview Questionnaire. Results The total scores of SOC and SES in urban elderly were （7.83 ± 1.72） and （21.26 ± 3.77） respectively. Compared with those in the rural elderly, the differences were statistically significant （t=3.933, -4.310; P 〈 0.01）. The total score of SOC was significantly negatively correlated with the SES score by Pearson analysis （r=-0.610, P 〈 0.01）. The difference of SES score in elderly with different gender was statistical significant （t= -2.168, P=0.031）. However, there was no statistical difference of SOC score in elderly with different age （P 〉 0.05）. There were significant differences in the total score of SOC and the score of SES in the eider people of different, age and physical condition （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The implementation of successful aging requires good physical, psychological and economic conditions. The correct application of SOC model can improve the selfefficacy and subjective well-being of the elderly. The successful aging problem in rural elderly needs more social attention.

关 键 词：老年人 自我效能感 生活方式 选择 优化 补偿模型 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学]