传统村落小气候营造之经验研究——以福建永泰县嵩口镇为例  

Research on the experience of creating microclimate in traditional villages——Take Songkou Town as an example

作　　者：王丹 程惠珊 尤达[1] 樊宵雷 兰思仁[1] 李霄鹤[1] WANG Dan;CHENG Huishan;YOU Da;FAN Xiaolei;LAN Siren;LI Xiaohe(College of Landscape Architecture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园林学院,福建福州353002

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报（自然科学版）》2018年第4期14-20,共7页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：福建省社会科学规划项目(K70PLU25A);福建农林大学科技发展项目(CXZX2016267;CXZX2017466;CXZX2017604)

摘　　要：以嵩口古镇现有的滨水空间、广场空间、街巷空间3类基本空间为研究对象,分别选取数量不一的测试点,对其空间内的相对湿度、空气温度、地表温度等小气候要素进行实测,通过小气候数据的变化与古镇空间特质的相关性分析,从古镇广场空间平面布局及尺度、纵向界面的类型、滨水空间断面形式、街巷空间形态下的尺度要素和下垫面要素等角度分析古镇风景园林要素对小气候数据变化的作用.结果表明:水体、植物、下垫面材料及街巷高宽比等风景园林要素对小气候有着显著影响.提出基于风景园林要素下的传统村落小气候改善策略:合理增加驳岸滨水植物绿量、生态化驳岸铺装材料;合理增加广场区的遮荫空间,提升热舒适度;合理选择街巷空间下垫面材料,适应热环境;合理规划街巷高宽比,降低热辐射.Three different spaces layout in Songkou Town：square open area,waterfront area and alley were taked as the object of this study,some typical test points were selected and the relative humidity,air temperature and surface temperature of this points were measured.Through the correlation analysis between the changes of microclimate data and the spatial characteristics of ancient towns,found the effects of layout and scale of the traditional village square,the type of vertical interface,the spatial cross section of the waterfront,the elements of scale and underlying surface of the alley on microclimate data change.The results showed that landscape elements such as water,plants,underlying materials and alley height ratio had a significant impact on the microclimate.Four traditional village microclimate improvement strategies based on landscape architecture elements were proposed：reasonably increase the green amount of waterfront plants and ecological revetment paving materials;reasonably increase the shade of the square area to improve thermal comfort;reasonably choose the underlying material in the alley space to adapt to the thermal environment;reasonably plan the aspect ratio of the alley to reduce the heat radiation.

关 键 词：空间特质 小气候要素 营造经验 嵩口古镇 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]