间作对氮调控玉米光合速率和光合氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of intercropping on photosynthetic rate and net photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency of maize under nitrogen addition

作　　者：朱启林[1] 向蕊 汤利[1,2] 龙光强 ZHU Qi-Lin;XIANG Rui;TANG Li;LONGGuang-Qiang(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Yunnan Agriculture University,Kunming 650201,China;and 2 Yunnan Scientific Observation Station for Cultivated Land Conservation of the Ministry of Agriculture,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201 [2]农业部云南耕地保育科学观测实验站,昆明650201

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2018年第6期672-680,共9页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：云南省农业联合专项(2017FG001-027);云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目(2017HB027);国家自然科学基金项目(41201289和41361065)~~

摘　　要：研究间作后作物光合碳同化和光合氮利用效率(PNUE)对氮投入的响应,对阐释间作产量优势的氮调控效应,指导间作氮肥管理有重要意义。本研究设置玉米(Zea mays)单作、玉米间作两种种植模式的4个氮水平(N0,0 kg·hm^(-2);N1,125 kg·hm^(-2);N2,250 kg·hm^(-2);N3,375 kg·hm^(-2)),分析间作与施氮量对玉米叶片特征、光合参数、PNUE和产量的影响。结果表明:与单作相比,间作显著增加玉米叶片的叶干质量和比叶质量;各施氮水平(除N3)下,间作中靠近马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)侧的玉米叶面积均显著高于单作玉米。单间作对比发现,间作提高了玉米光饱和点和暗呼吸速率。单作、间作靠玉米侧(I-M)、间作靠马铃薯侧(I-P)的玉米PNUE均随施氮量增加而降低,降幅以I-P最大;施氮量低于250 kg·hm^(-2)时,相同施氮量下的玉米PNUE和净光合速率(Pn)均以I-P最高,I-M和单作次之。间作显著提高了玉米产量(土地当量比>1)。该研究中当施氮量≤250 kg·hm^(-2)时,间作I-P的玉米叶片Pn和PNUE显著提高可能是间作玉米产量提高的重要原因。Aims The aim of this study was to explore the response of photosynthetic carbon assimilation and photosynthetic nitrogen（N） use efficiency（PNUE） of maize to intercropping system of maize and potato under different N addition, which has a great significance for the N regulation and N fertilizer management for the increase in intercropping yield. Methods In order to analyze the effects of intercropping and additional N level on leaf characteristics, photosynthetic parameters, PNUE and yield of maize, field experiment with mono-and inter-cropping system under four N addition levels（N0, 0 kg·hm^-2, N1, 125 kg·hm^-2, N2, 250 kg·hm^-2 and N3, 375 kg·hm^-2） treatments were set up. Important findings The results showed that inter-cropping planting significantly increased leaf dry mass of maize and leaf mass per area compared with maize monoculture. Among different N treatment levels（except N3）, leaf area of maize under intercropping close to potato increased compared with that under maize monoculture. Intercropping also increased the light saturation point of photosynthesis and dark respiration rate of maize compared with maize monoculture. PNUE decreased as the increasing of N levels in monoculture maize, intercropping maize leaves close to potato（I-P） and leaves close to maize of other row（I-M）, and the largest decline was found in I-P. At the same N level（less than 250 kg N·hm^-2）, PNUE and photosynthetic rate（Pn） of maize in I-P were significantly higher than those in M and I-M system. Intercropping system significantly improve the yield of maize（land equivalent ratio〉 1）. This study concluded that higher PNUE and Pn of maize close to the potatocontributed to the increase of intercropped maize yield under less than or equal to 250 kg N·hm^-2 addition.

关 键 词：间作 施氮水平 叶片含氮量 光合速率 光合氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]