塔里木沙漠公路防护林土壤环境因子的根际效应  

Effects of the Rhizosphere on the Environmental Factors in the Tarim Desert Highway Shelter Belt

作　　者：靳正忠[1] 王永东[1] 雷加强[1] 李生宇[1] 徐新文[1] Jin Zhengzhong;Wang Yongdong;Lei Jiaqiang;Li Shengyu;Xu Xinwen(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2018年第4期808-814,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571498)

摘　　要：选取塔里木沙漠公路防护林不同定植年限下3种灌木的根际和非根际土,比较研究了土壤物理、化学、生物因子的根际效应。结果表明:(1)除全氮和全磷外,20种土壤因子在3灌木根际土间差异极显著;(2)根际土的容重、全盐含量、有机质含量、全氮含量、速效氮磷钾含量、微生物代谢活性、脂肪酸含量和DNA片段多样性、微生物生物量碳氮磷和6种酶活性在不同年限林地间的差异极显著;(3)全氮含量、速效氮磷钾含量、微生物代谢活性、DNA片段多样性、微生物量碳和磷、纤维素酶和磷酸酶活性在不同树种与年限的交互效应上差异极显著;(4)微生物生物量碳氮磷的根际效应大小为柽柳>沙拐枣>梭梭,而不同树种各土壤养分因子和酶活性的根际效应大小并不一致。可见,几种荒漠灌木的定植促进了土壤养分转化,加速了沙漠防护林土壤的发育进程。Rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soils from three shrub species of varying age in the Tarim Desert Highway shelter belt,namely Haloxylon sp.,Calligonum mongolicum,and Tamarix chinensis,differed in their physical,chemical,and biological properties.Of the 22 parameters studied,all except two（total nitrogen and total phosphorus）differed substantially among the three species;differed substantially with the age of the plants;and were affected significantly by the interaction between these two factors,namely species and age of the plantation.The parameters studied were as follows：available and total nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium;average well colour development;activity of six enzymes（catalase,cellulose,phosphatase,protease,sucrose,and urease）;diversity of fatty acids and of DNA fragments;carbon,nitrogen,potassium,and organic matter contents of microbial biomass;moisture content;bulk density;and total salts.Raising a shelter belt of these desert shrubs accelerated the conversion of soil nutrients from their bound form into their available form and improved the soil of the desert shelter belt in several other ways.

关 键 词：流动沙漠 土壤因子 荒漠植物 根际效应 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]