蝴蝶放飞的观赏性评价及人工调控研究  

Ornamental Evaluation of Butterflies and Artificial Control

作　　者：马茜茜 魏永平[2] 刘扬[1] MA Xixi;WEI Yongping;LIU Yang(College of Life Sciences,Northwest University,Xi＇an 710069,China;College of Plant Protection Northwest A＆F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069 [2]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2018年第7期1071-1076,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：2018年西北大学校级创新创业训练计划(2018305)~~

摘　　要：因气候原因放飞活动所需的蝴蝶大多需从南方引进,但在长距离运输时死亡率较高,确定蝴蝶最适储存温度和保存时间成为亟待解决的问题;蝶蛹也常被作为运输对象,而不同的环境会影响蝶蛹的羽化率和蝴蝶最终的成活率,故蝶蛹的羽化环境对放飞效果也起决定性作用;中国蝴蝶资源丰富,大都具有极高的观赏价值,确定适合放飞的蝴蝶种类也可以提升放飞效果。通过设置不同的温度和湿度统计蝴蝶的成活率来研究冷藏保存对蝴蝶的影响并确定最佳储存条件;通过分析不同的包装运输方式对蝴蝶和蛹的影响来确定最佳运输对象;结合蝴蝶在温室和网室内飞行的观赏价值判断哪些蝴蝶适合引进。引入的箭环蝶、美凤蝶、碧凤蝶、玉带凤蝶、达摩凤蝶、青斑蝶、虎斑蝶、金斑蝶、蓝点紫斑蝶和枯叶蛱蝶10种蝴蝶均具有较高的观赏价值;三角纸袋法包装通过空运运输可以确保较高的成活率,蝴蝶为92%,蝶蛹为97%,但蝶蛹的羽化率不高,最高的羽化率为72.6%;在温度18℃及相对湿度80%的条件下冷藏保存可以延缓蝴蝶放飞时间,大约为6d;不同种类蝴蝶飞行及访花行为存在一定差异,蓝点紫斑蝶和碧凤蝶可以在蝴蝶园自我繁殖。蝴蝶放飞活动可以运输的对象有蝴蝶成虫和蝶蛹2种,但引进蝴蝶成虫比引进蛹经济效益好;运输方式为三角纸包法通过空运运输最为合适;在温度18℃及相对湿度80%的条件下冷藏保存可以延缓蝴蝶放飞时间,大约为6d,可以为蝴蝶放飞提供参考,减少经济损失,提高放飞效果。Due to climate reasons, nowadays most of flying butterflies need to be introduced from the south areas of China, but the high mortality rate is always caused by long-distance transportation. So it is urgent to solve the problems of optimum storage temperature and the number of days for butter- flies＇s survival. In addition to butterflies, pupae are often used as objects, and different suroundings will affect the emergence rate of pupae and the survival rate of the final butterflies. Therefore, the emergence environment of pupae also plays a decisive role in the flying activities. China is rich in but- terfly resources. Most of them have very high ornamental value, and the identification of suitable but- terfly species can improve the flying effect. The survival rate of butterflies under different tempera- tures and humiditis was studied for the effect of refrigeration on the butterfly and the optimal storage conditions. To determine the optimal transport object by analyzing the influence of different packaging methods on the butterfly and chrysalis. Combined with the ornamental value of the butterfly in the greenhouse and the nets indoor flight, we could determine which butterfly species is suitable for intro- duction. The 10 species of butterflies had high ornamental value. The higher survival rate could be en- sured by air transportation with packing of the triangular paper bag. The butterfly was 92% and the chrysalis was 97%, but the emergence rate of the chrysalis was not high and the highest emergence rate is 72.6%. Cold storage at 18 centigrade temperature and 80% relative humidity could delay about 6 days in the butterfly release time. Different species of butterflies had some differences in the flight behavior. The objects that can be transported in the flying activities are butterfly adult and chrysalis, but it is more economical to introduce butterfly adult than chrysalis. It is the most suitable way to transport the triangle paper by air transportation. Refrigerated and stored at 18 ℃ and 80% relat

关 键 词：蝴蝶 蝶蛹 观赏 温度 储存 放飞效果 

分 类 号：Q969.97[生物学—昆虫学]