模拟长期载人航天飞行中典型身体活动代谢率测量与负荷分级研究  

Study on Metabolic Rate Measurement and Load Grading of Typical Physical Activities in Simulated Long-term Manned Space Flight

作　　者：张程[1] 费锦学[1] 张宽[2,3] 全海英[2,3] 郝文睿 李璐[2,3] 吴大蔚[1] Zhang Cheng;Fei Jinxue;Zhang Kuan;Quan Haiying;Hao Wenrui;Li Lu;Wu Dawei(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [2]首都医科大学生物医学工程学院,北京100069 [3]首都医科大学临床生物力学应用基础研究北京市重点实验室,北京100069

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2018年第4期409-413,共5页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

摘　　要：目的测量模拟长期载人航天飞行中不同典型身体活动的能量代谢率,并使用代谢当量进行活动负荷分级。方法使用能量代谢测试舱测量23名受试者模拟航天飞行中的典型活动的能量代谢率,并计算代谢当量,通过与国内外标准比较与方差分析结果进行负荷分级讨论。结果"阅读"、"网页浏览"、"医监医保"、"仪表监视"、"舱室日常照料"、"平板电脑游戏"代谢范围在444.45~650.06 k J/h,6种锻炼活动代谢范围在1104.59~1748.99 k J/h,6种锻炼后个人卫生整理代谢范围在524.04~624.17k J/h。方差分析表明,"阅读"、"网页浏览"、"平板电脑游戏"3种活动代谢当量间无统计学差异,中等强度与低强度锻炼方案无统计学差异,同一锻炼项目不同方案的个人卫生整理间代谢当量无统计学差异。结论根据代谢测量与代谢当量的比较结果建议将航天飞行典型动作分为"轻松状态"、"轻度负荷活动"、"中度负荷活动"三个等级,其中锻炼活动的代谢等级应根据个人测量情况设计。Objective To measure the energy metabolic rate of different typical physical activities in long-term manned spaceflight and to establish a grading standard for the activity load with metabolic equivalence. Methods The metabolic chamber was used to measure the energy metabolic rate of different physical activities in 23 subjects during simulated space flight and the metabolic equivalence was calculated. The load grading was discussed after the comparison of domestic and international standards and variance analysis. Results The metabolic rate range of＂reading＂,＂web browsing＂,＂medical monitoring and support＂,＂dashboard monitoring＂,＂cleaning and maintenance＂,＂playing slate game＂was 444. 45 ~ 650. 06 k J/h. The metabolic rate range of 6 exercise activities was 1104. 59 ~ 1748. 99 k J/h. The metabolic rate range of six kinds of rest after exercise was 524. 04 ~ 624. 17 k J/h. The analysis of variance showed that： There was no significant difference in the metabolic equivalence among ＂reading＂,＂web browsing＂,and ＂playing slate game＂. There was no significant difference in the metabolic equivalence between exercises of moderate intensity and low intensity. There was no significant difference in the metabolic equivalence between the rests after three exercise programs of the same sports equipment. Conclusion According to the results of metabolic measurements and metabolic equivalent,we suggest that space flight typical activities can be divided into three levels including ＂relaxed state＂,＂light load＂and＂moderate load activity＂. The metabolic level of exercise should be designed according to the individual result of metabolic measurements.

关 键 词：航天飞行 能量代谢率 身体活动 能量代谢测试舱 

分 类 号：R851.8[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]