“西欧奴隶制向封建制过渡”的再认识  

Recognazition of the Transition from Slavery to Feudalism in Western Europe

作　　者：马克垚[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,教授北京100871

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2018年第3期4-31,共28页Economic and Social History Review

摘　　要：西罗马帝国晚期,农业和工商业都呈现衰落和下降趋势。城市也出现衰落景象,由自治逐渐变为政府管理。进入帝国前的蛮族处于部落联盟时代,进入帝国后蛮族逐渐融入罗马社会,从378—395年的混战中可以看出,罗马帝国的军事实力已经掌握在蛮族人手中。由于帝国的政治、经济日益衰微,东罗马已不可能控制整个东西方,分裂是不可避免的。晚期罗马军队形成许多蛮人的习俗,但是,蛮族人与罗马人在文化和心理上的鸿沟始终存在。尽管有"罗马化"倾向,最后还是蛮族灭亡了西罗马。东哥特人抗击查士丁尼的斗争属于罗马人和东哥特人两族之间的矛盾,并非复辟与反复辟性质。因此很难说西罗马帝国的灭亡具有奴隶制向封建制过渡的典型意义。In the late Western Rome Empire, agriculture, industry and Commerce both showed a trend of declining and descending. The city had also seen a decline, gradually changed from the autonomy to the government management. Before entering the Empire, the barbarians were in the era of tribal confederation, and they gradually integrated into Roman society after entering the Empire. From the melees between A. D. 378 to 395, it can be seen that the military strength of the Rome Empire had been held in the hands of the barbarians. Because of the declining politics and economy of the Empire, it was no longer possible for Eastern Rome to control the whole East and West, and the division was inevitable. Lots of barbarian's customs had been formed by the late Rome army, but the cultural and psychological gap between the barbarians and the Romans always existed. In spite of the tendency of Romanization, the barbarians finally destroyed Western Rome. The struggle of the Ostrogoths against Justinian belonged to the conflict between the Romans and the East Goths, so it was not in the nature of restoration or counter-restoration. Therefore, it is hard to say that the destruction of the Western Roman Empire had the typical significance of the transition from slavery to feudalism.

关 键 词：蛮族 西罗马帝国 种族 东哥特人 

分 类 号：K13[历史地理—历史学]