二战中英美对全球核原料的控制  

Anglo-American Control of the Global Nuclear Materials during WWⅡ

作　　者：耿志[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学历史文化学院,副教授天津300387

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2018年第3期47-64,共18页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：天津市社会科学规划项目(TJSL12-010)的阶段成果之一;天津师范大学博士基金项目(52WW1212)的支持

摘　　要：以铀矿石为主的核原料是二战期间英美开展"曼哈顿工程"的物质基础,控制全球核原料,不仅关乎战时英美共同事业的成败,而且能够防止纳粹德国首先研制出原子弹,同时也为战后英国独立开展核研发和美国进一步加强军事核能力的优势奠定基础。为此,除英美自身及英联邦国家的资源以外,两国政府尽一切努力联手控制了当时全球最大的铀矿产地比利时所属刚果的资源,并在战争后期在葡萄牙、荷属东印度和巴西成功地实施了类似行动,一定程度上还迫使瑞典承诺禁止出口铀矿石,从而在战争期间总体上实现了对核原料的全球控制。Uranium ore was the main nuclear material and the basis of the Manhattan Project carried out by AngloAmerican government during WWⅡ. Keeping this global nuclear material under control, not only related to the Anglo-American's success or failure of the Manhattan Project, but also could prevent the Nazi Germany from firstly developing an atomic bomb. Further, it would be the base for the British independent nuclear research and development and for the American superiority in military atomic application being strengthened after the war. For these purposes, in addition to the resources of Anglo-American itself and the Commonwealth countries, the two governments jointly spared no pains to control Uranium ore of Belgian Congo, which was largest source of this material at that time; moreover, similar operations were successfully carried out in Portugal, Dutch East India and Brazil, and to a certain extent, they had also forced Sweden to commit a ban on the export of Uranium ore. Thus Anglo-American generally realized the global control of nuclear materials during the war.

关 键 词：二战 核原料 全球控制 铀矿石 

分 类 号：F419[经济管理—产业经济]