南方稻区优质晚粳稻产量和品质调优的播期效应  

Effect of Sowing Date on Rice Yield and Quality of High-quality Japonica Rice During the Late-rice Cropping Seasons in Southern China

作　　者：成臣 曾勇军[1] 吕伟生 谭雪明[1] 商庆银[1] 曾研华[1] 石庆华[1] CHENG Chen;ZENG Yongjun;LYU Weisheng;TAN Xueming;SHANG Qingyin;ZENG Yanhua;SHI Qinghua(Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China/Collaborative Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,Nanchang,Jiangxi 331717)

机构地区：[1]作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室/江西农业大学双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心/南方粮油作物协同创新中心,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省红壤研究所,江西南昌331717

出　　处：《核农学报》2018年第10期2019-2030,共12页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX2015001-011);江西省水稻产业技术体系专项(JXARS-02-03);江西省重点研发计划(20161ACF60013);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300501)

摘　　要：为探究在南方稻区通过播期调控来同步实现晚粳稻高产和优质的可行性,以籼稻品种‘黄华占’(对照)和粳稻品种‘常优5号’、‘甬优1538’和‘金农香粳1267’为试验材料,通过分期播种试验,研究优质粳稻在南方稻区不同播期条件下产量和米质的变异特征。结果表明,随着播期推迟,籼稻产量下降(降幅达4.5%~19.2%),粳稻均呈先上升后下降的趋势(降幅达2.1%~15.9%)。相关分析表明,籼稻产量与每穗粒数和结实率相关系数分别为0.91和0.97,粳稻产量与每穗粒数的相关系数为0.88~0.99,这也是粳稻产量下降的主要原因之一。不同播期下籼、粳稻的主要品质性状存在差异,随着播期推迟,籼、粳稻的加工品质、外观品质、稻米蒸煮及食味品质均产生相同效应,但变化趋势不同,外观品质均变优,蒸煮与食味品质变劣,加工品质呈先变优后变劣的趋势;籼、粳稻的营养品质产生效应存在差异,其中籼稻营养品质先变劣后变优,而粳稻营养品质则变优。随着播期推迟,籼、粳稻的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、冷胶粘度和崩解值均呈降低趋势,但消减值、回复值均呈增加趋势。综上,籼稻适时早播有利于优质增产,而粳稻早播或晚播均不利于优质粳稻生产,适宜播期因粳稻品种特性而异。本研究结果为南方双季稻区优质晚粳稻增产提质的合理播期提供了理论依据。In order to explore whether the japonica rice high yield and quality can be achieved synchronously by regulating sowing date during the late rice in southern China,the indica rice variety of Huanghuazhan was taken as the control,and 3 varieties of different japonica rice（‘changyou 5＇,‘yongyou 1538＇and‘jingnongxiangjing 1267＇） were used as materials to study the effect of different sowing dates on rice yield and quality of high quality japonica rice in south China. The results showed that the yield of indica rice was decreased up to 4. 5% - 19. 2%,meanwhile,the japonica rice increased at first,and then decreased（2. 1% - 15. 9%） with the delay of sowing date. The correlation analysis indicated that the correlation coefficient of indica yield with spikelet number per panicle and seed setting rate were 0. 91 and 0. 97,respectively. The correlation coefficient of japonica yield with spikelet number per panicle was0. 88 - 0. 99,which was one of the main reasons for the decline of japonica rice yield. Similarities and differences of main quality traits of indica and japonica rice with different sowing dates,the processing quality,appearance quality and cooking and eating quality of indica and japonica rice had the same effect with the delay of sowing date,but the trend of changes was inconsistent. The quality of appearance became better,the quality of cooking and eating got worse,while the quality of processing was basically changed from good to bad. The nutritional quality of indica and japonica rice had different effect,and the quality of indica rice became better after first deterioration,and the nutrition of japonica rice was superior. The peak viscosity,hot viscosity,cool viscosity and breakdown of indica and japonica rice decreased with the delay of sowing date,while the setback and consistence increased. In conclusion,timely and early sowing of indica rice is beneficial to achieve the high quality and yield,while early sowing or late sowing of japonica rice is not conducive to high-quality jap

关 键 词：调优栽培 籼改粳 播期 米质 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]