生物炭和PAM共施对黄绵土水分入渗和蒸发的影响  

Effects of Mixed Use of Biochar and Polyacrylamide on Water Infiltration and Evaporation in Loessial Soil

作　　者：张妙 李秧秧[2,3] 白岗栓[2,3] ZHANG Miao;LI Yangyang;BAI Gangshuan(College of Forestry,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A＆F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2018年第5期124-130,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划课题"黄土高原旱区增粮增效潜力与提升技术研究"(2015BAD22B01)

摘　　要：采用二因素三水平(生物炭用量分别为干土重的0,2%和4%,聚丙烯酰胺用量分别为干土重的0,0.02‰和0.04‰)完全试验方案设计,研究了两种土壤结构调理剂生物炭和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)共施对黄绵土水分入渗和土壤蒸发的影响。结果表明:(1)生物炭施用后对Philip模型的稳渗率(A)和Horton模型的衰减指数(β)有显著影响,2%生物炭添加对A和β影响不大,但4%生物炭添加显著降低A,显著增加了β;施用PAM对Kostiakov模型的参数K,Philip模型的吸渗率(S)和Horton模型中的稳定入渗率(if)与初始入渗率(i0)有显著影响,0.02‰PAM添加对这些参数无显著影响,但0.04‰PAM添加显著降低K,S,if和i0。生物炭和PAM共施对3种入渗模型的大多数参数存在显著交互作用。所有处理中,以2%生物炭+0.02‰PAM增加入渗的效果为最好;(2)生物炭、PAM及二者交互作用对蒸发速率和累积蒸发量影响均不显著,表明生物炭和PAM单施或共施对黄绵土蒸发影响不大。Using two-factor and three-level（Biochar was applied at rates of 0,2%and 4% of dry soil weight,and polyacrylamide was used at the rates of 0,0.02‰ and 0.04‰ of dry soil weight）complete experimental design,we examined the effects of two soil conditioners,biochar and polyacrylamide（PAM）,on soil infiltration and evaporation in loessial soil.The results indicated that：（1）the application of biochar had significant effects on steady infiltration rate（A,Philip model）and attenuation exponent（β,Horton model）,the application of 2% of biochar had no significant effects on these parameters compared to the contrast,while the application of 4% of biochar had significantly decreased A,but had increasedβ.The application of PAM had significant effects on K（Kostiakov model）,sorptivity（S,Philip model）,final and initial infiltration rates（ifand i0 respectively,Horton model）;application of 0.02‰ of PAM had no effects on these parameters while application of 0.04‰ of PAM siginificantly decreased these parameters;the significant interaction of biochar and PAM for most infiltration parameters was found.The mixed application of 2% of biochar and0.02‰ of PAM was the best in improving the infiltration rates in all treatments;（2）there were no significant effects of biochar,PAM and their interaction on the evaporation rate and cumulative evaporation,indicating that single or mixed use of biochar and PAM had no effects on soil evaporation in loessial soil.

关 键 词：生物炭 PAM 入渗 蒸发 

分 类 号：S152.72[农业科学—土壤学]