侵蚀环境下植被恢复的水文效应分析——以江西兴国潋水流域为例  

Hydrological Effects of Vegetation Restoration in Eroded Environment——A Case Study of Lianshui Basin in Jiangxi Xingguo

作　　者：乔雪 李硕[1,2,3] 陈伊郴 QIAO Xue;LI Shuo;CHEN Yichen(Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment,Ministry of Education,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution,Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室(南京师范大学),南京210023 [2]江苏省地理环境演化国家重点实验室培育建设点,南京210023 [3]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2018年第5期136-142,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41671388;41271382)

摘　　要：为探讨植被恢复的水文响应程度,选择江西兴国县潋水河流域为典型区,利用多年径流和泥沙观测数据,通过统计趋势分析和模型模拟手段,对潋水流域长期的水沙变化特征以及植被恢复前后的产水和产沙特征进行了分析。借助SWAT水文模型设置3种土地利用情景,分析径流量和产沙量对土地利用变化的响应程度。结果表明:1975—2015年来,土地利用的总体变化趋势是林地面积持续增加,耕地和未利用地面积明显减少;流域内多年平均径流量减少趋势不明显,但植被恢复后产沙量呈现显著下降趋势;植被恢复前后两个时段最大月径流量和产沙量均明显减少。3种情景年模拟的多年平均径流量变化率不超过1%,但对产沙量影响较大,尤其是情景年2015年比2002年的平均泥沙总量减少了57.6%,最大月产沙量比2002年情景年模拟值减少50%。潋水流域案例表明,以植被恢复为主要手段的小流域治理,在流域水土保持效用上成效显著,产沙量在2008年发生突变说明剧烈侵蚀环境下植被恢复工程真正发挥水土保持作用至少需要20年时间。The Xingguo county of Jiangxi Province has been the key area of soil and water loss control in China because of the severe vegetation destruction and soil erosion since the 1960 s.It was not until 1983 that watershed-based vegetation management and restoration were carried out in Xingguo.A case study on the hydrological effects of vegetation restoration was conducted in the Lianshui watershed,which was one of the severely eroded areas of Xingguo.In this study,the responses of water yield and sediment yield to the land use and land cover change in Lianshui watershed between 1975 and 2015 were analyzed by using the remotesensing images and hydrologic observations.In addition,SWAT model was applied in Lianshui watershed with three scenarios based on the land use conditions in 1993,2002 and 2015,respectively.The results showed that during the period from 1975 to 2015,the overall trends of land use change in Lianshui watershed presented the moderate increase in forest area and the significant decrease in cropland and unused land area;the sediment yield of this watershed had reduced due to the vegetation restoration which had greatly improved the soil erosion conditions,though the reduction of annual average runoff was not so remarkable;the maximum monthly water yield and sediment yield significantly reduced from 1978—1983（pre-reforestation）to1984—2015（post-reforestation）.According to the three scenarios modeled by SWAT,the rate of change inannual average water yield was not more than 1%,but reforestation had greater impact on the sediment.For example,the annual average sediment yield and the maximum monthly sediment yield in scenario of 2015 decreased by 57.6% and 50%,respectively,compared to those in scenarios of 2002.In conclusion,the case study in Lianshui watershed pointed out that the watershed-based vegetation management and restoration played an important role in soil and water conservation.However,the rapid reduction of sediment yield in2008 indicated that it took at least 20 years for the vegetati

关 键 词：植被恢复 SWAT模型 径流 产沙量 潋水流域 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]