三峡水库干流沉积物及消落带土壤磷形态及其分布特征  

Phosphorus Forms and Distribution Characteristics in the Sediment and Soil of the Water-Level-fluctuating Zone in the Main Stream of the Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：张志永[1,2] 万成炎[2] 胡红青[1] 彭建华[2] 侯娟 丁庆秋[2] 袁玉洁 ZHANG Zhi-yong;WAN Cheng-yan;HU Hong-qing;PENG Jian-hua;HOU Juan;DING Qing-qiu;YUAN Yu-jie(College of Resource and Environment,I-Iuazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [2]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,武汉430079

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第9期4161-4168,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51679154); 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502208)

摘　　要：三峡水库完全运行后,水文节律发生了变化(水位在145~175 m波动),沉积物和消落带土壤磷的空间分布也有可能发生变化.2016年6月采集了11个样点的沉积物及消落带样品,利用沉积物中磷形态的标准测试程序(SMT),对比研究了三峡水库干流表层沉积物及消落带土壤磷形态,分析了磷形态特征及其在横向(沉积物和消落带土壤)和纵向(回水区末端至三峡大坝)的空间分布特征.结果表明,三峡水库回水区末端至三峡坝前,干流沉积物样品总磷(TP)、Na OH-P含量呈增加趋势,HCl-P呈下降趋势,而消落带土壤磷的各形态含量纵向变化规律不明显.沉积物TP、有机磷(OP)、HCl-P和NaOHP均值依次为(859.6±106.8)、(224.6±113.9)、(435.3±77.7)和(101.5±31.6)mg·kg^(-1),均高于消落带土壤含量均值.HCl-P为沉积物和消落带土壤磷的主要形态,占TP的质量分数分别为51.3%和58.2%,Na OH-P占TP的质量分数分别为11.7%和8.1%.与沉积物相比,消落带土壤各形态磷含量变异系数高,具有较高的空间异质性.Hydrological regimes changed after the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR） became fully operational,with the water level fluctuating between 145 m and 175 m. This has altered phosphorus（P） distribution within sediments and soils of the water-levelfluctuating zone（WLFZ）. Eleven field investigations within the main stream were carried out in June 2016. The aim of the study was to determine lateral（sediment and WLFZ soil） and longitudinal variations（from the end of the backwater area to the Three Gorges Dam） of phosphorus species. P fractions were analyzed using a Standards,Measurements,and Testing（SMT） protocol. Results showed that both TP and Na OH-P content in sediment exhibited a clear increasing trend from the end of the backwater area to the Three Gorges Dam,while HCl-P declined. Average of totals P,OP（organic P）,HCl-extracted P（HCl-P,calcium-bond P）,and Na OHextracted P（Na OH-P,metal oxide-bound P） in sediment were（859. 6 ± 106. 8）,（224. 6 ± 113. 9）,（435. 3 ± 77. 7）,and（101. 5± 31. 6） mg·kg^-1,respectively. The concentration average of P species in sediment was higher than in WLFZ soil. In both sediment and soil,HCl-P was the main form of P,accounting for 51. 3% and 58. 2% of TP,while the ratio of NaOH-P to TP was 11. 7% and8. 1%,respectively. P fractions with a higher coefficient of variation had greater spatial heterogeneity.

关 键 词：三峡水库 沉积物 消落带 磷形态 空间异质性 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]