洱海流域乡镇尺度上人类活动对净氮输入量的影响  

Impact of Human Activities on Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs(NANI) at Township Scale in Erhai Lake Basin

作　　者：李影[1] 刘宏斌[1] 雷秋良[1] 胡万里[2] 王洪媛[1] 翟丽梅[1] 任天志[3] 连慧姝 LI Ying;LIU Hong-bin;LEI Qiu-liang;HU Wan-li;WANG Hong-yuan;ZHAI Li-mei;REN Tian-zhi;LIAN Hui-shu(Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources ＆ Environment,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture,Tianjin 300191,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [3]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第9期4189-4198,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572208); 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303089)

摘　　要：人类活动引起的氮素过量输入已经成为引起水体富营养化及其他生态危害的主要原因.为了研究人类活动对流域氮素的影响,本文基于洱海流域16个乡镇行政单元的统计数据,考虑流动人口的影响,利用NANI模型估算洱海流域乡镇尺度的人类活动净氮输入量(net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs,NANI).结果表明,2014年洱海流域NANI总量为29.81×10~3t,单位面积输入强度(以氮计)为10 986 kg·(km^2·a)-1,显著高于我国平均水平.当地旅游人口带入的食品氮输入为0.26×10~3t,占到了流域居民食品氮输入的8%.从氮素的输入量的构成来看,肥料输入是最大的贡献源,占到了流域净氮输入的47%,其次为食品饲料的净氮输入.在空间分布上,乡镇单元的NANI分布呈现明显区域化特征,从流域整体上看呈现北高南低的特点.耕地或人口集中的乡镇NANI强度偏高,洱海流域具有较大的氮素污染风险.Excessive nitrogen inputs from human activities have become the main cause of water eutrophication and related ecological hazards. In order to study the impact of human activities on nitrogen in the basin,and based on statistical data of administrative units in 16 towns and villages,this study used the NANI model to calculate net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs（NANI） at township scale in Erhai Lake basin. Results show that the total amount of NANI in Erhai Lake basin was 29. 81 × 10^3 t in 2014,and nitrogen input intensity per unit area was 10 986 kg·（km^2·a）^-1,significantly higher than the national average. The input of nitrogen from food by the local tourist population was 0. 26 × 10-3 t,accounting for 8% of local food nitrogen input. Nitrogen input from chemical fertilizer is the largest NANI input source,accounting for 47% of net nitrogen input in the basin,followed by net nitrogen input of food and feed.The spatial distribution of NANI at township scale shows evident regionalization,with higher values in the north and lower values in the south of the basin. The intensity of NANI in towns with cropland or population is high. The corresponding risk of nitrogen pollution in Erhai Lake basin is therefore a primary concern,and will remain so in the near future.

关 键 词：洱海流域 乡镇尺度 氮素 净氮输入量(NANI) 人类活动 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]