赛加羚羊在半放野状态下的繁殖规律研究  

Study on the Reproductive Characteristics of Saiga tatarica in Semi-wild State

作　　者：王红军[1] 赵建友[1] 何志清[1] 牛永秀[1] 卢伟[1] 王兆君 张春林 李岩[1] Wang Hongjun;Zhao Jianyou;He Zhiqing;Niu Yongxiu;Lu Wei;Wang Zhaojun;Zhang Chunlin;Li Yan(Gansu Protection Centre for Threatened Species of State Forest Administration,Wuwei,Gansu 733000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业局甘肃濒危动物保护中心,武威733000

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2018年第5期1-5,共5页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：甘肃省武威市科技攻关项目(WW150101)

摘　　要：为探明赛加羚羊在半荒漠地区半放野状态下的繁殖规律,通过资料分析与现场观察,研究了近30年来饲养于国家林业局甘肃濒危动物保护中心的赛加羚羊繁殖情况。结果表明:赛加羚羊的产仔率126.67%,产羔成活率87.72%,死亡淘汰率18.03%,存活率81.97%;发情周期21.46 d±2.59 d;雌羚羊7月龄性成熟,情期受胎率86.61%,妊娠期140.73 d±2.25 d,每胎产1~2仔,双胎率56.14%;羔羊初生体重2 882.32 g±45.93 g、体长45.56 cm±0.54 cm,雌、雄羔间初生体重与体尺均无显著性差异(P>0.05),羔羊初生体重与体长存在相关性(r=0.313,P<0.01)。在此基础上,分析对比了半放野状态下与人工圈养状态下赛加羚羊的繁殖情况,发现半放野状态下其产仔率、产羔成活率、存活率、双胎率和羔羊平均体重等主要繁殖性能指标均比圈养状态下高;此外,赛加羚羊自引入后对所在半荒漠地区气候环境进行了一个适应过程,发情期逐渐提前,由刚引进初期的12月中旬逐渐提前到11月中下旬,分娩盛期也相应提前,由刚引进初期的5月中上旬逐渐提前到4月中下旬,到5月初已基本结束产羔。说明赛加羚羊在繁殖上有明显的季节性和时间性,与同亚科动物相比,具有性成熟早而寿命短(4~5岁)、受胎率和繁殖成活率高、交配季节后淘汰率高等特点。In order to explore the reproductive characteristics of Saiga tatarica in semi-wild state of the semi-desert area,the reproduction characteristics of Saiga tatarica fed for more than 30 years in the Gansu Protection Centre for Threatened Species of State Forest Administration were studied by analyzing data and field observation. The results showed that the lambing rate was126.67%;the survival rate was 87.72%;the estrous cycle was 21.46 d±2.59 d;the sexual maturity age of female Saiga tatarica was seven months old,the rut conception rate was 86.61%;the pregnancy length was 140.73 d ±2.25 d;the litter size was 1 to 2,the twinning rate was 56.14%;the birth weight and birth length were 2 882.32 g±45.93 g and 45.56 cm±0.54 cm,respectively. There was no difference between male and female in birth weight and body size（P 0.05）. There was a correlation between the birth weight and the body size（r=0.313,P0.01）. The results showed that by analyzing and comparing,the main reproductive performance indicators of the semi-wild breeding ones were higher than those of the captive ones. In addition,the timing of oestrus had been gradually advanced from mid-December originally to late-November at present since Saiga tatarica was firstly introduced. The corresponding delivery peak was advanced from early May gradually to late April. It suggested that Saiga tatarica gradually adapted to climate and environment oflocal semi-desert after introduction. There is an obviouslyseasonalityand timeliness in Saiga tatarica reproduction. Characteristics of early sexual maturity,short gestation period and high reproduction rate could be found in Saiga tatarica.

关 键 词：赛加羚羊 半放野状态 繁殖规律 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]