基于RZWQM模型的华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米土壤硝态氮淋溶和氨挥发评估方法研究  

The Assessment Method of Nitrate Nitrogen Leaching and Ammonia Volatilization of Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation in North China Plain Based on RZWQM Model

作　　者：沈仕洲 张克强[1,2] 王风 赖睿特[1] 颜青 杨涵博 SHEN Shi-zhou;ZHANG Ke-qiang;WANG Feng;LAI Rui-te;YAN Qing;YANG Han-bo(Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agricuhure,Tianjin 300191,China;Scientific Obserbing and Experimental Station of Dali,Ministry of Agricuhure,Dali 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]农业部大理农业环境科学观测实验站,云南大理671000

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2018年第9期769-775,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：公益性行业(环保)科技项目(201309035-1);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD15B02);农业部财政专项(22110402001006);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(22060302008033)

摘　　要：硝态氮淋溶和氨挥发是华北平原农田因施肥所引起的最重要的氮损失途径,直接监测法的过程复杂且需要消耗大量人力物力,如何建立科学准确的损失量与土壤性质之间的关系,以支撑管理部门便捷快速估算各途径氮损失量成为迫切需要解决的问题。利用已经通过华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米长期定位试验数据进行参数率定验证的RZWQM模型,输出不同施肥水平下1 m内土壤硝态氮残留量、硝态氮淋溶量和氨挥发量,通过回归分析构建了土壤硝态氮淋溶量和氨挥发量分别与1 m内土壤硝态氮残留量之间的函数关系,并利用华北地区研究文献中实测数据对函数准确率进行分析,得出在华北平原2个函数平均准确率分别为70. 9%和71. 2%,该方法可供管理部门在估算和管理华北地区面源污染发生量过程中推广使用。Nitrogen loss through NO3 ^--N leaching and NH3 volatilization are the two major ways in North China Plain. Direct monitoring of the mentioned nitrogen loss in farmland conditions is complicated due to laborious and expensive research work. To overcome these difficulties, it is imperative to develop a practical model for the appropriate estimation of nitrogen loss through leaching and volatilization. The model should estimate the nitrogen losses through each channel rapidly and be convenient for the management department. The model＇s basic mechanism should ascertain scientific and accurate relationship between quantity of actual nitrogen losses and soil properties. For these purposes, the model RZWQM was investigated. The mentioned model was found to be validated for wheat-corn crop rotation long-term field experiment in North China Plain. Through regression analysis, the model established a tunction between quantity of nitrogen loss and the amount of residual NO3^--N in 0-1 m soil profile layer. Research literature data regarding North China Plain validated the tunction relation accuracy of the model under investigated, which was observed 70. 9% and 71.2%. So, it is suggested that the RZWQM model can be used practically by management department to estimate and control non-point source pollution in North China Plain.

关 键 词：华北平原 RZWQM 淋溶 氨挥发 硝态氮残留量 

分 类 号：X83[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X501