“自我”与“他者”的关系剖析:美国媒体在报道“南海仲裁案”中的意见话语和国家身份建构  

Analysis on the Relationship of “Self”and “Other”:Media Opinions and National Identity Representations in the reports on the South China Sea Arbitration by American Media

作　　者：陈雅莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2018年第5期18-33,共16页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

基　　金：江西省社会科学"十三五"规划(2016)一般项目"‘一带一路’与‘南海争端’双重背景下中国对东盟地区的国家形象建构和战略传播研究"(编号:16X06)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文聚焦2016年7月13日至28日美国全国性和地方媒体对于南海仲裁案的相关报道114篇,通过分析样本在呈现南海仲裁结果的过程中的媒介框架的运用,考察了其是如何在报道南海仲裁案中差异化地建构美、中两国的"我—他"国家身份。研究表明,美国通过将"自我"再现为"国际规则的维护者"、正义的"我者",扶正了本国在亚太区域的作为"霸权国"身份的合法性;同时通过负面化地将中国建构为"规则的破坏者"、危险/不确定的"他者",定义了中国作为区域秩序"挑战国"的身份。其中,美国媒体在建构"自我"与"他者"的两类国家身份建构方面有以下特点:一是凸显美国"霸权国"国家身份对现行秩序结构的建设性功能;二是建构中国这一新兴力量在观念意图上与国际现行主导性规范的对立性;三是强调东南亚盟友的弱国身份,强调"自我"作为区域平衡力量的重要性。在市场利益之外,美国媒体对于国际事件进行框架化报道也是国家行为体基于对于某种国际或国内构成性规范的认同,通过国际传播新闻框架来建构和强化规范共识的过程。This study focused on the 114 reports of the South China Sea Arbitration from American national and local media between July 13 to 28,2016.Based on the content analysis and the frame theory,the study explored the differences between the American and Chinese national identity represented by the US media covering the South China Sea Arbitration.It reveals that the American media represented the USA itself as a"defender of international rules"and"phantom of justice"in the reports,which helped legalize the USA as a hegemony in the Southeast Asia;on the other hand,they negatively represented China to be a"destroyer of rules"and"dangerous other"to define China's national identity to be a"Challenger"of regional order.Above all,there are three features in these reports:(1)laying stress on the positive effects of American hegemony on existing regional order,(2)projecting conflicting relations between China's intention as a rising power and international dominant norms,(3)emphasizing its southeast partners as weak nations and itself as an important regional balance.In summary,when partially and differently framing the USA and China,the A-merican media are based on certain international and domestic dominant norms,and further strengthen the common view of its norms.

关 键 词：美国媒体 国家身份 南海仲裁 新闻框架 

分 类 号：D815.3[政治法律—国际关系]