美国对苏加诺时期印度尼西亚政策的演变:从“拉拢”走向“遏制”  

The Evolution of the U.S. Policy towards Indonesia during Sukarno Regime:From “Wooing” to “Containment”

作　　者：王琛 Wang Chen

机构地区：[1]暨南大学国际关系学院/华侨华人研究院

出　　处：《东南亚纵横》2018年第4期30-37,共8页Crossroads：Southeast Asian Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"冷战视阙下的东南亚‘区域主义’研究(1961-1991)"(项目编号:16BSS046)的阶段性研究成果;暨南大学出国访问计划的资助

摘　　要：冷战开始后,美国对印度尼西亚实施了一系列的政策,从"拉拢"到"隐蔽行动"并适度"容忍",再到试图"迎合"印度尼西亚民族主义的浪潮,以期利用民族主义来防范共产主义。但是,随着印度尼西亚民族主义的高涨,苏加诺采取激进的路线,使得印度尼西亚与美国之间的矛盾不断地增多。美国也逐渐改变原有的政策,采取"遏制"政策。最终在"九三零事件"中,长期受到美国秘密支持的印度尼西亚军方迫使苏加诺下台。至此,美国防止印度尼西亚倒向共产主义阵营的目标基本实现。在影响美国印度尼西亚政策变化的主要因素中,美国对其自身的战略利益认知是其中最为重要的因素,成为美国政策变化的主导因素。During the Cold War, the United States implemented a series of policies towards Indonesia. From the ＂wooing＂ policy to ＂covert action＂ and policy of ＂moderate tolerance＂, and then to policy of ＂pandering＂ to the tide of the rising of Indonesian nationalism, the United States expected to use nationalism to prevent communism. But with the Indonesian nationalism being more aggressive, Sukarno took a radical route, which had led to an increasing of the contradictions between the U.S. and Indonesia. The United States began to change its policy towards Indonesia, the policy of ＂containing＂ Sukarno became the core of the United States＇ Indonesian policy. Finally in the ＂Transition to the New Order＂, September 30th of 1965, the Indonesian army, who had been secretly supported by the U.S. in a long time, forced Sukarno to step down. Then, the United States prevented Indonesia falling down into the Communist camp, which achieved the basic goal of America. Among the major factors affecting the change of the United States＇ Indonesian policy, the recognition of its own strategic interests was the leading and most important one.

关 键 词：冷战 美国对印尼政策 苏加诺 民族主义 战略利益的认知 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]