希尔伯特谱白化方法在海洋地震资料高分辨率处理中的应用  

The application of Hilbert spectral whitening method to high resolution processing of marine seismic data

作　　者：颜中辉 方刚 徐华宁[1,2] 刘俊 施剑[1,2] 潘军 王建强 YAN Zhonghui;FANG Gang;XU Huaning;LIU Jun;SHI Jian;PAN Jun;WANG Jianqiang(Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Geology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Marine Geology,Qingdao 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部油气资源和环境地质重点实验室,中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所,青岛266071 [2]海洋国家实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2018年第4期212-220,共9页Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金培养基金项目“基于HHT变换的多波地震资料去噪应用研究”(ZR2015PD006); 行业基金项目“海底拖曳式快速成像系统研制及应用”(201511037)

摘　　要：针对海洋地震资料高分辨率宽频处理的要求,也为了克服常规谱白化、反Q滤波等方法无法同时增强时域和频域局部细节的不足,基于希尔伯特黄变换(HHT)的谱白化方法对海洋地震资料进行高分辨率处理应用研究。对地震记录进行固有模态分解(EMD),得到不同尺度的IMF分量;再利用常规谱白化方法对每个分量根据瞬时频率进行合理的振幅均衡;将均衡后的IMF分量进行反变换重构地震记录,从而得到高分辨地震数据。通过理论模型和实际地震资料实验,与常规谱白化方法的对比分析,表明该方法信号局部时频刻画能力以及相对振幅保真性优于常规方法,同时表明此方法能够有效增强地震信号时域和频域的分辨率,使地震剖面更为连续和清晰,并具有较高的信噪比。In order to meet the demand of high-resolution broadband processing of ocean seismic data,and to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional methods such as spectral whitening and inverse Q filtering,we studied in this paper the possibility to apply the Hilbert Huang transform（HHT）spectral whitening method to high resolution seismic data processing.Firstly,we decompose the seismic signals by EMD,then use the spectral whitening method to do reasonable amplitude balance based on instantaneous frequency under different IMF components.Finally,the signals are reconstructed by inverse transform on different scales after frequency compensation.Upon the basis high-resolution seismic signals are acquired.The correctness and validity of the proposed method are proved by the theoretical model calculation and the actual seismic data processing.Compared with the conventional spectral whitening method,the method can enhance the resolution of seismic signal in both time domain and frequency domain,make the seismic profile more continuous and clear,and keep a high signal-to-noise ratio.

关 键 词：高分辨率 HHT变换 资料处理 谱白化 

分 类 号：P738[天文地球—海洋地质]