徐家汇观象台授时工作现代化的动因分析  

A Study of the Motivations for Modernization of Time Services in Xujiahui Observatory

作　　者：宁晓玉 NING Xiaoyu(School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2018年第9期65-72,共8页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：徐家汇观象台(1950-1962)脱胎于法国传教士建立的徐家汇天文台,时间服务是其核心工作。徐家汇观象台授时工作的现代化围绕着"提高时号精确度"的国家任务和参加"国际地球物理年"的国际合作项目相继展开。通常认为前者是徐家汇观象台迅速实现现代化的原因,而参加"国际地球物理年"却常常被忽视。本文在考证史实的基础上指出,尽管提高时号精确度的任务首先由大地测量部门提出,授时工作因此获得了国家的重视和支持;但是促使徐家汇观象台测时、守时仪器迅速改善、观测次数和观测质量大幅度提高的原因却是为了达到"国际地球物理年"的要求。Xujiahui observatory（1950-1962） grew out of the Zi-Ka-Wei observatory built by French Missionaries and mainly focused on the improvement of the accuracy of time services. In the 1950 s, under the name of modernization of time services, the Xujiahui observatory carried out two research projects： one was a national project initiated by the National Administration of Geodetic Surveying; the other was an international cooperative project in the International Geophysical Year（IGY）. The success of the improvement of the accuracy of time signals in the Xujiahui observatory was generally attributed to the former project. Based on the analysis of the historical materials, the paper points out that the intrinsic cause of the success lies in the requirement of IGY. In order to reach the standards of IGY, the Xujiahui observatory upgraded observational instruments, increased observational frequency and improved observational accuracy.

关 键 词：授时工作 时号精确度 国际地球物理年 经度测量 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]