东北半干旱地区膜下滴灌玉米生产水足迹研究  

Study on the Water Footprint of Maize under Mulched Drip Irrigation in a Semiarid Region of Northeast China

作　　者：谭智湘 张忠学 聂堂哲 TAN Zhixiang;ZHANG Zhongxue;NIE Tangzhe(College of Water Conservancy and Architecture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of High Efficiency Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources Ministry of Agriculture,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2018年第9期36-42,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD12B01)

摘　　要：在作物生产中,田间尺度的水足迹变化在制定可持续发展的农业用水策略中发挥着重要作用。【目的】探讨中国东北半干旱地区玉米生产中水足迹田间尺度的变化。【方法】通过3 a的田间试验,确定了膜下滴灌玉米全生育期水足迹的蓝、绿、灰水的组成;分析了气温、降雨和灌溉时间与次数组合下的土壤水量平衡和水足迹变化。【结果】(1)玉米生育期的水足迹中,绿水足迹占65.5%~67.9%,蓝水足迹占8.7%~9.4%,灰水足迹占23.3%~25.1%。(2)在降雨能满足玉米各生育期耗水需求的年份,有效降雨量占绿水量的103.2%,玉米耗水高峰期(6—8月)的高温和多有效降雨具有显著地增产效果,且能有效降低玉米生产水足迹。(3)在生育期水分亏缺较大的年份,玉米耗水高峰期少次多量(灌水总量一定)的灌水可以有效地保证玉米产量,同时降低玉米生产水足迹。4)在生育期各时期降雨均匀的年份,玉米产量最低,水足迹最高。【结论】覆膜条件下玉米生产的绿水资源得到有效保护,而为了提高产量和降低水足迹,应根据不同水文年型制定合理的灌溉制度。【Objective】Water footprint of crop growing at field scale plays an important role in developing sustainable agricultural water use strategy, and this paper aimed to investigate the changes in the water footprint of maize production in a semi-arid area of Northeast China.【Method】We conducted a three-year field experiment.During the experiment, the composition of blue, green and grey water during the whole growth season of maize under mulched drip irrigation was determined. We also analyzed soil water balance and the water footprint under different temperatures, precipitation and irrigation timing.【Result】（1）In the water footprint for the maize production, the green water footprint accounted for 65.5%-67.9%, blue water footprint for 8.7%-9.4%, and gray water for 23.3%-25.1%.（2）When temporal rainfall distribution can meet the water demand of the maize, the effective precipitation accounted for 103.2% of the green water. High temperature and sufficient effective precipitation at the peak of water consumption by the maize could significantly increase the yield, thus effectively reducing the water footprint.（3）In years with large water deficit, under the same total amount of irrigation, reducing irrigation frequency during peaking water consumption period could effectively increase yield and thereby reduce water footprint.（4）An even rainfall distribution in the growth season of the maize reduced its yield and increased the water footprint.【Conclusion】According to our experimental results, the green water resources in the maize production can be effectively protected by plastic film mulching. It is necessary to formulate a reasonable irrigation schedule for different hydrological years to enhance the yield and reduce the water footprint.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 玉米 水足迹 东北半干旱地区 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程]