渠道衬砌对灌溉水利用系数的影响  

The Role of Lining in Water Use Efficiency of Irrigation Canals

作　　者：肖雪[1,2] 王修贵[2] 谭丹[3] 白雪[4] 巴乾 XIAO Xue;WANG Xiugui;TAN Dan;BAI Xue;BA Qian(Water Resources Department,Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.Ltd,Wuhan 430063,China;Xinjiang Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey,Design and Research Institute,Urmqi 830000,China;Xinjiang Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture,Kashigaer River Basin Management Section,Yili 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水资源所,武汉430010 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点试验室,武汉430072 [3]中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司,武汉430063 [4]新疆水利水电勘测设计研究院,乌鲁木齐830000 [5]新疆伊犁自治州喀什河流域管理处,新疆伊犁835000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2018年第9期56-61,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400203)

摘　　要：【目的】研究渠道衬砌对灌溉水利用系数的影响。【方法】以新疆伊犁喀什河下游灌区为对象,根据实测资料测算不同衬砌形式典型渠段单位渠长输水损失率,据此推求不同衬砌形式、衬砌位置及不同级别渠道衬砌条件下的渠系水利用系数和灌溉水利用系数,分析了其变化规律,并建立了灌溉水利用系数与渠长衬砌率的定量关系。【结果】新疆伊犁喀什河下游灌区现状灌溉水利用系数值为0.485,如果各级固定渠道全部进行混凝土衬砌,灌溉水利用系数为0.691;采用预制混凝土U型衬砌渠道水利用系数最大,混凝土衬砌次之,浆砌石第三;衬砌在渠首的渠道水利用系数总是大于衬砌在渠尾的渠道水利用系数;从现状衬砌条件到干渠全部衬砌、干支渠全部衬砌、干支斗渠全部衬砌和干支斗农渠全部衬砌,灌溉水利用系数逐步增加的相对量分别为11.8%、14.0%、6.8%和4.7%;以渠长衬砌率为自变量,灌溉水利用系数为因变量,得到二者定量关系式。【结论】在灌区渠道衬砌方案比选中,衬砌形式优先选择预制混凝土U型渠;衬砌位置优先选择从渠首开始;衬砌渠道优先选择干支渠,其次才是斗农渠;灌溉水利用系数与渠长衬砌率呈对数关系,当渠道衬砌达到一定程度时,灌溉水利用系数增长较缓,不建议再加大投资进行渠道防渗。【Objective】Irrigation-canal lining reduces water loss from percolation and in this paper, we studied the change of water use efficiency after lining the irrigation canal in the low reach of Kashi River in Yili Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang Autonomous Region.【Method】Water loss from the canals with different linings were calculated based on the observed data. The canal water use coefficient and the irrigation water use coefficient were estimated based on the water loss rate per unit length at different position along the canal. The variation of the loss rate was analyzed and the relationship between the canal lining rate and the irrigation water use coefficient was calculated.【Result】The calculated results showed that at business as usual condition, the irrigation water use coefficient was 0.485. If all levels of the canals were concrete-lined, the irrigation water use coefficient could be increased to 0.691. Lining pre-casted U-shape concrete was most efficient in improving water use efficiency,followed by concrete lining and stone-masonry lining. Lining the proximity of the inlet of the canal was more effective in improving canal water use coefficient than lining the vicinity of the outlet. Consecutively lining different levels from the main canals, branch canals, up to lateral and sub-lateral canals can gradually increase the irrigation water use coefficient from 11.8%, 14.0%, 6.8% to 4.7%. The relationship between lining rate（λ） of all canals and the irrigation water use coefficient followed η =0.377 ＋ 0.068 × ln（λ-2.748）.【Conclusion】Pre-casted Ushaped concrete was the best lining for improving water use efficiency. To achieve best results, the lining should start from the inlet of the main canal. Lining the main and branch canals is superior to lining the lateral and sublateral canals. There is an relationship between the canal lining rate and the irrigation water use coefficient. When the canal lining rate reaches a certain degree, the irrigation water use coefficient increas

关 键 词：灌溉水利用系数 渠道水利用系数 渠道衬砌 节水 

分 类 号：S274.2[农业科学—农业水土工程]