近半个世纪以来美国矫治刑罚观变迁及其启示  

The Historical Evolution of the Rehabilitation in Americain the Past Half-century and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：曹兴华[1] Cao Xinghua

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学法学院

出　　处：《刑法论丛》2017年第4期355-386,共32页Criminal Law Review

摘　　要：美国矫治刑罚观在20世纪70年代因受到矫治无效、不公平风险、不受拘束性、附随副作用以及颠覆传统刑法理论等来自理论与实践的多重质疑而迅速衰落,在理论与立法上遭到全面弃置。但自20世纪90年代以来矫治刑罚观在美国司法、学术与立法领域重现复兴迹象,而其复兴背后又有着复杂的动力促动因素,至少包括科学动因、经济动因和媒介动因三个维度。通过梳拨20世纪70年代至今美国矫治刑罚观变迁进路,形塑近半个世纪以来美国矫治刑罚观演进脉络及其动因,可为合理认知矫治刑罚观之于中国刑罚目的理论及其实践发展提供历史观照和知识系谱。In the 1970 s,fifty years after its ascension,the popularity of the rehabilitation began to decline, and then the rehabilitation was dropped entirely by theorists and practitioners. However, the rehabilitation is making a comeback in the America after the 1990 s. The reemergence of rehabilitation can be recognized in the American criminal justice,legislation and law articles. There are complicated impetus factors behind its revival, including at least three dimensions; scientific motivation,economic motivation and media motivation. By analyzing the historical evolution of the rehabilitation in America from 1970 s to 2016, we can map its evolution route,which will provide historical mirror and experience about how to comprehend appropriately the status of the rehabilitation in China＇s criminal punishment theory and criminal justice system.

关 键 词：刑罚目的 矫治刑罚观 报应刑罚观 大规模监禁 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]