先前行为产生作为义务的根据及限定  

The Basis of Action Obligation Stems from Previous Act and Definition about Its Scope

作　　者：陈文涛[1] Chen Wentao

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《刑法论丛》2017年第4期439-474,共36页Criminal Law Review

摘　　要：产生作为义务的先前行为具有规范违反的特性,应从规范效力的维持、确证出发,证成先前行为人具有消除自己创出的法益危险的作为义务。规范违反说和客观归责的理念,实现了与先前行为之作为义务根据的联动,可以转用至对先前行为之作为义务范围的限定论中。为了充分评价,过失犯罪行为和故意犯罪行为均可以产生作为义务,但需要运用竞合理论避免重复评价。从刑法与民法规制的不同规制目的以及刑法责任主义的要求,刑法和侵权法上对先前行为之作为义务范围的不同界定并不违背规范评价的统一性。Form the characteristics of the norms violation of the previous act, the request of the maintenance and corroboration of norms validity, require the actors to eliminate the interest risk which created by themselves. The theory of norms violation and the objective imputation theory, achieve the linkage to the basis of oblation, can be used to definition of the scope of action obligation based on previous act. To full evaluation, both negligence and the intentional action can generate the obligation, however need the articles competition theory to avoid repeatable evaluation. From the regulation of criminal law and civil law and the principle of responsibility in criminal law, it does not violate the unity of the normative judgement when the scope in criminal law and the tort law based on the previous act is not same.

关 键 词：先前行为 作为义务 规范违反 客观归责理论 法条竞合 法秩序统一性 

分 类 号：D924.11[政治法律—刑法学]