玉米秸秆深埋还田机螺旋开沟装置参数优化与试验  

Parameter Optimization and Experiment for Spiral Type Opener Device of Maize Straw Deep Bury and Returning Machine

作　　者：高文英 林静[1] 李宝筏[1] 马铁[1] GAO Wenying;LIN Jing;LI Baofa;MA Tie(College of Engineering,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第9期45-54,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503116-09);国家自然科学基金项目(51275318)

摘　　要：在中国东北地区棕壤土玉米的生产过程中,通过秸秆深埋还田的方法,打破犁底层,在增加深层土壤肥力、蓄水保墒和构建合理耕层结构的同时,解决了秸秆有效处理问题。1JHL-2型秸秆深埋还田机能够对覆盖在地表的秸秆一次性完成粉碎、收集、开沟和掩埋作业。为了解决其开沟阻力大、整机受力不均和前进直线性差等问题,对其螺旋开沟装置进行了参数优化设计。针对开沟过程中叶片易粘土堵塞等问题,对螺旋开沟装置的螺旋叶片表面进行了仿生优化设计。通过动力学分析,确定出螺旋开沟装置的最佳结构参数。以玉米秸秆深埋率、开沟功耗和机组直线行驶最大偏移量为试验指标,以机具前进速度、开沟器转速和开沟深度为试验因素,进行三元二次回归正交旋转组合试验。试验结果表明:螺旋开沟器的最佳工作参数组合为:前进速度1.04 m/s、开沟器转速275 r/min、开沟深度28.5 cm。在最优参数组合下,田间试验验证表明:秸秆深埋率的均值为92.03%,开沟功耗均值为17.7 k W,机组直线行驶最大偏移量为74 mm,满足玉米秸秆深埋还田技术要求。During the process of maize production in brown soil in northeast of China,the method of deep burial straw returning can break the plow pan,increase the fertility of deep soil,store water,retain soil moisture and construct a reasonable plough layer structure. Besides,it also solved the problem of effective treatment of straw. The 1 JHL-2 type deep burial straw returning machine can complete crushing,collecting,trenching and burying operation of straw that covered the surface at one time. In order to solve the problems such as large ditching resistance,uneven force of whole machine and poor linearity of advancement,the parameter optimization design was carried out on spiral type opener. For the problems of sticking with the soil and blocking easily during ditching,bionic optimization design was applied on the spiral blade surface. Through the kinetic analysis on spiral type opener device,the optimal structural parameters were finally determined. Taking the deep burial rate of straw,power consumption of trenching and maximum deviation of straight travel of the machine as experimental indexes,the forward velocity,rotate speed of spiral type opener and ditching depth as experimental factors,quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combing design with three factors was also used. The experimental results showed that forward velocity of 1. 04 m/s,rotate speed of 275 r/min and ditching depth of 28. 5 cm were the best parameter combination of working performance. With the optimal parameter combination,the average rate of straw deep burial reached 92. 03%,the average power consumption of trenching was 17. 7 k W and the maximum deviation of straight travel was 74 mm,which were verified experimentally in field and met the technical requirements.

关 键 词：秸秆深埋还田机 合理耕层 仿生 螺旋 参数优化 

分 类 号：S224.29[农业科学—农业机械化工程]