改性苹果废枝与化肥配施对苹果根区土壤及根系构型的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Modified Apple Waste Branches and Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme,Soil Microorganisms and Apple Root Architecture

作　　者：冯丰 曹辉[1] 荀咪 李萍 岳松青 张玮玮[1] 杨洪强[1] Feng Feng;Cao Hui;Xun Mi;Li Ping;Yue Songqing;Zhang Weiwei;Yang Hongqiang(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2018年第9期83-88,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31772251;31372016);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD16B02);山东省重点研发计划项目(2016ZDJS10A01);山东省"双一流"建设奖补资金项目(SYL2017YSTD10)

摘　　要：废弃果树枝条富含有机碳,本试验将苹果废枝改性后与化肥配合施于苹果幼树根区,结果表明:土壤施入1%的改性苹果废枝及其与适量化肥配施,都明显提高中度干旱时的土壤保水性,增加根区土壤微生物数量,提高细菌与放线菌相对于真菌的比例,提高土壤中蔗糖酶、脲酶、中性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶的活性,也使根系总长度、表面积、体积、平均直径、根尖数和根系分形维数明显增大;改性苹果废枝与化肥配施效果最显著,土壤细菌、放线菌、微生物总数分别提高249.03%、249.31%和248.78%,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性分别提高33.05%、23.70%和49.86%,根系总长度、表面积、体积和根尖数分别提高51.75%、46.71%、41.84%和99.03%。The abandoned apple branches are rich in organic carbon. In this study,the apple branches were chemically modified and then applied to root zone of young apple trees with chemical fertilizer. The results were as follows. The application of 1% modified apple waste branches in soil and its application with moderate amount of chemical fertilizer could enhance the soil water retention capacity when the soil relative water content（ SRWC） was relatively low,increase the amount of soil microorganisms in the root zone,increase the ratios of bacteria and actinomycetes to fungi,increase the activity of sucrase,urease,neutral phosphatase,and catalase in soil,and increase the root activity and total root length,surface area,volume,average diameter,number of root tips and fractal dimension of roots. The effect of combined application of modified apple waste branches and chemical fertilizer was more significant. It increased the total number of soil bacteria,actinomycetes and microbes by 249. 03%,249. 31% and 248. 78% respectively,increased the soil sucrase,urease and neutral phosphatase activities by 33. 05%,23. 70% and 49. 86% respectively,and increased the total root length,surface area,volume and number of root tips by 51. 75%,46. 71%,41. 84%and 99. 03% respectively.

关 键 词：改性苹果废枝 土壤微生物 土壤酶 根系构型 化肥 

分 类 号：S141.9[农业科学—肥料学]