中印两国人口变化及影响其变化的社会因素比较  

A Comparison of Population Changes and Social Factors That Affect the Population Changes in China and India

作　　者：汪天德 

机构地区：[1]美国威廉姆派特森大学

出　　处：《江苏社会科学》2018年第5期82-91,274,共10页Jiangsu Social Sciences

摘　　要：中印两国都是人口大国,近代发展历史相似,可比较的程度较高,特别是两国在20世纪中叶建立现行政权后都先后认识到庞大的人口是两国社会经济发展道路上的巨大障碍,并都实施了控制人口的政策。然而,60多年后,中印两国的人口增长出现了巨大的差异。本文对中印两国过去60多年的人口变化进行了系统而宏观的定量比较,并以定性分析的方式对两国的社会结构、传统文化、政治制度、政府组织和妇女社会地位等因素进行了宏观的比较。比较发现这些宏观的社会因素才是中印人口变化出现巨大差异的根本因素。由于中印两国人口占世界人口的37%,两国都将成为世界上最大的经济体,因此,对两国的比较研究具有极为重要的现实意义,也有助于我们从根本上了解中印两国社会经济的发展。Both China and India have realized the huge obstacles posed by having enormous populations to their socioeconomic development, and both, at different points in time, have implemented poli-cies to control population growth in order to spur socioeconomic development during the middle of the20 th century. After more than sixty years of population control, however, the population growths in thetwo countries have become quite different. This research makes a macro-level quantitative comparisonof the two countries' population changes, and then it conducts macro-level qualitative analyses of so-cial structure, traditional religious culture, political system, government organization and women's sta-tus in the two countries. The comparison reveals that these social factors have fundamentally caused thebig difference in population changes between the two countries. Such a comparison between the two na-tions is of great significance, for the two nations make up 37% of the world population and will bothsoon become the greatest economies in the world. The comparison between China and India is highly conducive to the understanding of the socioeconomic development in the two countries.

关 键 词：人口变化 中印比较 社会结构 政治制度 传统文化 妇女地位 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学]