依宪治国下民主政治渠道的司法疏通理路  

Analysis on the Judicial Mediationmechanism of Political Channels

作　　者：季金华[1] Jl Jinhua(Law School,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《法学论坛》2018年第5期22-31,共10页Legal Forum

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"司法权威生成的文化机制研究"(12FXA002)的阶段性成果;江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目"权利推定的基本原理和机制"(PAPD)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：民主政治渠道畅通意味着人民能够通过政治程序表达利益诉求,并借助立法程序使其转为政治意志和法律意志,最终成为法律保护的权利。但是,代议制民主像市场调整机制一样经常发生失灵现象,精英民主存在内在的局限性,议会意志并不是理想意义上的公共意志,法律并不能完全体现公共利益。代表行使议决权的方式存在着不合理的地方,立法权也存在异化的危险。行政国家的兴起对于传统意义上的代议制民主产生了严重的冲击,在一定程度上堵塞了民主政治渠道。因此,在现代国家和社会的治理过程中,人们日益期待司法不仅能够传导合法性而且能够输出合法性,既要实现法律正义也要实现社会正义。在现代司法社会中,法院在分权制衡的国家权力结构中拥有发现和确认人民意志的权威,可以凭借司法判断和裁判的至上权威,通过司法解释和司法审查来疏通政治渠道,为立法行为提供合法性,同时肩负起保障公众自由、救助弱势群体和维持福利给付的公法使命,力图通过法律争议实现社会公正的价值目标。因而,司法审查成为疏通政治渠道、保障公民政治参与权利的权威机制,成了协调过去的经验和现时的理性、实现过去的民意和当下的民意有机结合的有效沟通机制。我国应该借鉴域外司法疏通政治渠道的制度经验,逐步建立适合国情的司法疏通机制。The governance process in the modern state and society, often occur failure phenomenon of representative democracy as the market adjustment mechanism, the resolution of social conflict depends more and more on the judicial power, the people in-. creasingly expect justice can not only conduction legitimacy and can output legitimacy, not only to achieve the justice of law is to realize social justice. In modern justice society, courts have authority to find and confirm the will of the people in the national power structure of separation of powers, can rely on the judicial judgment and the referee＇s supreme authority, through judicial in- tel3pretation and judicial review to unblock the political channels, to provide legitimacy for the legislative acts , and shoulder the mission of public law to ensure public freedom, help the vulnerable groups and maintain the public welfare payment, to realize ti^e value goal of social justice through legal dispute. Therefore, judicial review has become the authority mechanism to dredge po- litical channel, guarantee citizen＇s political participation rights and social governance democratization, ensure the legality of leg- islative action . It has become an effective communication mechanism for the coordination of past experience and present reason, and the organic combination of the current public opinion and public opinion in the past. China should learn from foreign experi- ence about judicial mediation mechanism of political channels, and gradually establish the judicial mediation mechanism that is suitable for the situation of China.

关 键 词：政治 疏通 司法 机制 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]