堪培拉指数与基尼系数的不平等测度比较  

Comparative Study of Inequality Measurement of Canberra Index and Gini Coefficient

作　　者：韩秀兰[1] 张楠 Han Xiulan;Zhang Nan(School of Statistics,Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学统计学院

出　　处：《统计与决策》2018年第17期21-25,共5页Statistics & Decision

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(15BTJ012)

摘　　要：堪培拉指数是一种新的不平等测度指标。文章通过与传统的基尼系数对比的视角,从测度结果对不同群体的敏感性、曲线动态变化特性、指数满足的一系列公理化特性以及可分解性方面对堪培拉指数进行了系统的探讨。应用CFPS微观调查数据,采用堪培拉指数和基尼系数来衡量和分解中国家庭人均纯收入的不平等。研究发现,如果关注社会中的弱势群体,基尼系数可能低估组间的不平等差异;与基尼系数相比,堪培拉指数具有更优异的表现,对低收入群体的收入差距更为敏感;与洛伦茨曲线相比,堪培拉曲线可以更详细地显示不平等的动态变化,更适合分析低收入群体的不平等和相关政策效应。The Canberra index is a new method to measure inequality. From the perspective of comparison with the traditional Gini coefficient, this paper systematically discusses the Canberra index in terms of the sensitivity of the measurement results to different groups, the dynamic characteristics of the curve, a series of axiomatic characteristics satisfying the index, and the resolvability. And then the paper uses CFPS micro survey data, Canberra index and Gini coefficient to measure and decompose the inequality of Chinese household net income per capita. The study results show that in terms of disadvantaged groups in society, the Gini coefficient may underestimate the inequality differences among groups; compared with the Gini coefficient, the Canberra index has better performance and is more sensitive to the income gap of low-income groups; compared with Lorentz curve, the Canberra curve can show the dynamic changes of inequality more detailedly, which is more suitable for analyzing the inequality of low-income groups and related policy effects.

关 键 词：堪培拉指数 洛伦茨曲线 不平等测度 敏感性 

分 类 号：C812[社会学—统计学]