复杂社会技术系统下的塔吊安全思考  

Thinking about tower crane safety from an angle of complex sociotechnical system

作　　者：赵挺生[1] 周炜[1] 徐凯 贺凌云 ZHAO Tingsheng;ZHOU Wei;XU Kai;HE Lingyun(School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学土木工程与力学学院

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2018年第6期153-159,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0805500)

摘　　要：为促进复杂社会技术系统背景下的塔吊安全管理,运用系统思想研究塔吊安全。首先,分析塔吊系统特征,明确塔吊安全系统构成要素;然后,基于RASMUSSEN风险管理理论建立塔吊安全系统层次体系,包含监管机构层、塔吊参与单位层、施工现场管理层、现场人员层、环境与设备层等5个层次;其次,通过文献调研、事故分析和专家访谈,系统地识别56项塔吊安全影响因素,并利用Accimap建模技术建立广义塔吊安全Accimap模型;最后,进一步分析塔吊安全的复杂社会技术系统机制。结果表明：塔吊安全是多层次多维度因素的耦合结果,受层间反馈、退化现象和动态环境影响。塔吊安全管理应遵循竖向整合思想,关注因素交互路径,采取系统性的干预和控制手段。For the sake of promoting the safety management of tower cranes in a complex sociotechnical system,the safety of the tower crane was studied by using the system thinking method. Firstly,characteristics of tower crane system were analyzed to understand the components of tower crane safety system. Second,based on RASMUSSEN risk management theory,a hierarchy system of tower crane safety system was established,which contains 5 levels,including regulatory bodies,tower crane stakeholders,construction site management,on-site staffs,environment and equipment. Then,systematic identification of 56 factors influencing tower crane safety was carried out through literature review,accident analysis and expert interviews. A generalized generic Accimap model of tower crane safety was built by using Accimap modeling technique. Finally,the system mechanism of tower crane safety is further analyzed in view of complex sociotechnical system. Results show that tower crane safety results from coupling of multi-level and multi-dimensional factors,and it is affected by feedback between layers,migration phenomena and dynamic environment,and that tower crane safety management should follow the vertical integration idea,pay attention to the factor interaction path,and take systemic interventions and control measures.

关 键 词：塔吊安全 复杂社会技术系统 风险管理框架 系统机制 Accimap模型 

分 类 号：X948[环境科学与工程—安全科学]