茄子无土栽培氮磷钾浓度优化施肥方案  

Optimizing fertilization scheme of N,P_2O_5 and K_2O concentration for eggplant under soilless culture

作　　者：马晟 陈震 杨凤娟[1,2] 王秀峰 魏珉[1,3] 史庆华 李岩[1,3] 巩彪 CHEN Zhen;YANG Feng-juan;WANG Xiu-feng;WEI Min;SHI Qing-hua;LI Yan;GONG Biao(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Tai＇an 271018,Shandong,China;Huanghuai Region Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,Tai＇an 271018,Shandong,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region,Ministry of Agriculture,Tai＇an 271018,Shandong,China）.)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]农业部黄淮地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [3]农业部黄淮海设施农业工程科学观测实验站,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第9期2935-2942,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD05B03);山东省2017年度农业重大应用技术创新项目[鲁财农指(2017)];山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心引导性课题;山东省重点研发计划(2017CXGC0206);山东省科技发展计划项目(2013GNC11013);国家自然科学基金项目(31672169)资助~~

摘　　要：本试验采用三因子二次饱和D-最优设计(310),以蛭石为栽培介质,建立了以氮、磷、钾浓度为变量因子,茄子产量和品质为目标函数的三元二次数学模型,以期得到茄子优质高产最优氮磷钾浓度范围.对模型解析结果表明:氮、磷、钾浓度对茄子产量和品质均有显著影响.对产量和品质的影响程度均以钾浓度较大,对产量的影响程度以氮浓度次之,磷浓度较小,对品质则为磷浓度次之,氮浓度较小.氮磷、氮钾、磷钾浓度交互对茄子产量均有显著影响;氮钾浓度交互对茄子品质亦有显著影响.在低水平条件下,茄子产量和品质均随氮、磷、钾浓度增加而增加,但超过一定范围后,茄子产量和品质均随之降低.通过计算机模拟运算得出,本试验条件下茄子单株产量达3600 g的施肥方案为:氮·;16.0～20.0 mmol·L^(-1)、磷2.2～2.6mmolL^(-1)、钾9.9～12.9 mmol·L^(-1)品质综合评分在·、90分以上的施肥方案为:氮18.0～21.1mmolL^(-1)、磷1.9～2.6 mmol·L^(-1)钾10.6～13.3 mmol·L^(-1).试验小区茄子产量预期达到43.2kg(6个月生长期)、品质综合评分高达90分以上的优质高产营养液氮磷钾浓度范围为:氮18.0～20.0 mmol·L^(-1)、磷2.2～2.6 mmol·L^(-1)、钾10.6～12.6 mmol·L^(-1),适宜的N∶PK2O5∶2O浓度比例约为1∶0.13∶0.62.To get optimal nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P2O5） and potassium（K2O） concentrations range for high quality and yield of eggplant with vermiculite as cultivation substrate, three factors and quadratic saturation D-optimal regression（ 310） were used to establish a ternary quadratic mathematical model with N, P2O5 and K2O concentrations as independent variables and eggplant yield and quality as objective functions. The results showed that yield and quality of eggplants were significantly influenced by N, P2O5 and K2O concentrations. The yield was most influenced by K2O concentration, and followed by N and then P2O5. The quality was also most influenced by K2O concentration, and followed by P2O5 and then N. There were significant interactive effects of N＋P2O5,N＋K2O and P2O5＋K2O on yield, and significant interaction of N＋K2O on eggplant quality. Under lower concentrations, the yield and quality of eggplants enhanced with the increasing N, P2O5 and K2O concentrations. When the nutrient concentrations exceeded a threshold, both yield and quality decreased. According to computer simulations, the yield could reach to 3600 g·plant-1 when the fertilization schemes were N 16.0-20.0 mmol·L^-1, P2O52.2-2.6 mmol·L^-1 and K2O 9.9-12.9 mmol·L^-1; the fertilization scheme needed to obtain a comprehensive quality score of higher than 90 were N 18.0-21.1 mmol·L^-1, P2O51.9-2.6 mmol·L^-1 and K2O 10.6-13.3 mmol·L^-1. In summary, fertilization scheme of high yield（43.2 kg·plot-1） and high quality（ comprehensive score of higher than 90） of eggplants were N 18.0-20.0 mmol·L^-1, P2O52.2-2.6 mmol·L^-1,K2O 10.6-12.9 mmol·L^-1, with an appropriate N, P2O5 and K2O proportion of 1：0.13：0.62.

关 键 词：茄子 氮磷钾浓度 无土栽培 高产 优质 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]