浅水湖泊表层沉积物记录的枝角类群落空间分布特征  

Spatial distribution of cladoceran assemblages in surface sediments of shallow lakes in Yunnan

作　　者：朱庆生 孔令阳 陈丽[1] 王晓 王教元 康文刚[1] 李蕊 梁红 陈光杰[1] ZHU Qing-sheng;KONG Ling-yang;CHEN Li;WANG Xiao;WANG Jiao-yuan;KANG Wen-gang;LI Rui;LIANG Hong;CHEN Guang-jie(Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environmental Change,School of Tourism and Geography,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China;Dehong Teacher＇College,Dehong 678400,Yunnan,China）.)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院高原地理过程与环境变化云南省重点实验室,昆明650500 [2]德宏师范高等专科学校,云南德宏678400

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第9期3111-3119,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41771239;41171048;U1133601)资助~~

摘　　要：浅水湖泊污染负荷能力较低,对环境变化敏感,过度开发会导致生态功能明显退化甚至发生稳态转变.本研究通过提取云南18个浅水湖泊的表层沉积物枝角类信息,识别枝角类群落的空间分布特征并甄别其群落构建的环境驱动因子.结果表明:表层沉积物枝角类群落的地理分布存在显著的空间差异,滇西北的枝角类群落以底栖物种占绝对优势,而随着营养水平的增加,滇东南湖泊枝角类优势物种由底栖型向浮游型转变.统计分析表明,海拔和水体总磷水平是驱动群落分布空间差异的关键环境因子,分别独立解释了枝角类群落变化的22.0%和7.7%,反映了海拔梯度及其指示的气候环境过程是控制枝角类群落空间分布的重要因子.同时枝角类群落随营养水平的变化出现差异性的结构特征,可能指示了流域开发、污染物输入、水生植被变化等人类活动扰动的综合影响.同时,海拔和总磷水平表现出显著的相互作用并解释了枝角类群落变化的26.3%,指示了云南地区的人类活动强度随着海拔梯度呈现显著的空间差异,并通过营养盐输入等过程调控了枝角类群落的结构特征.Shallow lakes, sensitive to environmental changes due to low environmental carrying capacity, generally experience decreases in ecosystem function and even regime shifts after over-exploitation. Surface sediments of 18 shallow lakes in Yunnan were collected and analyzed to identify the spatial pattern and the influencing factors of cladoceran communities. The results showed that there was significant heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of cladocera in those lakes. For example, the cladoceran community was generally dominated by benthic taxa in alpine lakes, while there was a clear replacement of benthic cladocerans by planktonic ones with increasing nutrient level sacross lakes from Southeast Yunnan. Altitude and total phosphorus were the main driving factors,which independently explained 22.0% and 7.7% of the change in cladocera communities, respectively. The altitude gradient and related changes in climate and catchment features were the main factors in structuring cladocerans for shallow lakes of Yunnan, while the anthropogenic impacts on cladoceran distribution was significant via the processes such as catchment development, pollutantin put and macrophyte changes. Meanwhile, the interaction between elevation and total phosphorus explained 26.3% of the total variance in cladoceran community shift, indicating that the increase in human activity intensity in lakes at lower altitudes would have stronger impact on cladocerans through anthropogenic nutrient inputs.

关 键 词：云南浅水湖泊 枝角类 营养水平 海拔 区域差异 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]